Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A cognitive approach to the post-Soviet Central Asian pasture puzzle: new data from Kyrgyzstan

  • Rapid Communication
  • Published:
Regional Environmental Change Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Despite internationally recognized definitions, there remains debate over what constitutes ‘actual’ degradation in various agro-pastoral contexts. This contention is especially pronounced in post-Soviet Central Asia. In this paper, we report on new interview data from the post-Soviet Kyrgyz Republic. These data evidence greater diversity of local perceptions of pasture degradation than previously reported. We then demonstrate how considering the role of well-documented aspects of human cognition demystifies the otherwise puzzling inconsistency in local pasture degradation narratives. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of this analytical approach for management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

References

  • Addison J, Friedel M, Brown C, Davies J, Waldron S (2012) A critical review of degradation assumptions applied to Mongolia’s Gobi Desert. Rangel J 34:125–137. doi:10.1071/RJ11013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bai ZG, Dent DL, Olsson L, Schaepman ME (2008) Proxy global assessment of land degradation. Soil Use Manag 24(3):223–234. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00169.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolotova A (2004) Colonization of nature in the Soviet Union: state ideology, public discourse, and the experience of geologists. Historical social research, 104–123. Retrieved 4 Nov 2016, from http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-30790

  • Borchardt P, Schickhoff U, Scheitweiler S, Kulikov M (2011) Mountain pastures and grasslands in the SW Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan—floristic patterns, environmental gradients, phytogeography, and grazing impact. J Mt Sci 8(3):363–373. doi:10.1007/s11629-011-2121-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bussler S (2010) Community based pasture management in Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan: Deutsche Gesellschaft für international Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and CAMP Alatoo. Retrieved 3 Nov 2016, from http://tinyurl.com/pee6x9z

  • Cohen S (2001) States of denial: knowing about atrocities and suffering. Polity Press, Cambridge

  • Creswell JW (2013) Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. Sage, Thousand Oaks

  • Crewet W (2012) Improving the sustainability of pasture use in Kyrgyzstan. Mt Res Dev 32(3):267–274. doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00128.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crewett W (2015a) Introducing decentralized pasture governance in Kyrgyzstan: designing implementation rules. Environ Sci Policy 53:215–224. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2014.12.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crewett W (2015b) Street-level bureaucrats at work: a municipality-level institutional analysis of community-based natural resource management implementation practice in the pasture sector of Kyrgyzstan. Sustainability 7:3146–3174. doi:10.3390/su7033146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eddy I (2016) Land degradation in Central Asia: Identifying dynamics of pasture resources in heterogeneous landscapes using remote sensing. Retrieved 3 Nov 2016, from UBC Open Collections (cIRcle): http://tinyurl.com/zuc3a8a

  • FAOSTAT (2014) Production: live animals (Kyrgyzstan). Retrieved 3 Nov 2016, from http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QA/E

  • Fernández-Giménez ME (2002) Spatial and social boundaries and the paradox of pastoral land tenure: a case study from postsocialist Mongolia. Hum Ecol 30(1):49–78. doi:10.1023/A:1014562913014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gigerenzer G, Brighton H (2009) Homo heuristicus: why biased minds make better inferences. Top Cognit Sci 1(1):107–143. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744282.003.0001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heck PR, Krueger JI (2015) Self-enhancement diminished. J Exp Psychol Gen 144(5):1003–1020. doi:10.1037/xge0000105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishenbekova N (2010) The history of animal husbandry of the Kyrgyz Republic (1980–1990): experience and challenges. Issyk-Kul State University (PhD Thesis)

  • Jacquesson S (2010) Reforming pastoral land use in Kyrgyzstan: from clan and custom to self-government and tradition. Cent Asian Surv 29(1):103–118. doi:10.1080/02634931003765571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kakinuma K, Ozaki T, Takatsuki S, Chuluun J (2008) How pastoralists in Mongolia perceive vegetation changes caused by grazing. Nomadic Peoples 12(2):67–73. doi:10.3167/np.2008.120205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiage L (2013) Perspectives on the assumed causes of land degradation in the rangelands of Sub-Saharan Africa. Prog Phys Geogr 37(5):664–684. doi:10.1177/0309133313492543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korman AK (2001) Self-enhancement and self-protection: toward a theory of work motivation. In: Erez M, Kleinbeck U, Theirry H (eds) Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, pp 121–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulov KM, Zhooshov PM (2007) Desertification processes in Kyrgyzstan [Russian language]. Problems of Desert Development, 2, 7-10. Retrieved 4 Nov 2016, from http://science.gov.tm/files/desert_2_2007.pdf

  • Lal R, Safriel U, Boer B (2012) Zero Net Land Degradation: a New Sustainable Development Goal for Rio +20 (report). UNCCD. Retrieved 4 Nov 2016, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/UNCCD_PolicyBrief_ZeroNetLandDegradation.pdf

  • Levine J, Chan KM, Satterfield T (2015) From rational actor to efficient complexity manager: exorcising the ghost of Homo economicus with a unified synthesis of cognition research. Ecol Econ 114:22–32. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liechti K (2012) The meanings of pasture in resource degradation negotiations: evidence from post-socialist rural Kyrgyzstan. Mt Res Dev 32(3):304–312. doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00113.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makridakis S, Moleskis A (2015) The costs and benefits of positive illusions. Front Psychol 6:859. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mestre I (2014) Involving communities in pasture management: the challenge of pasture committees in Kyrgyzstan. Central Eurasian Scholars & Media Initiative. Retrieved 4 Nov 2016, from http://cesmi.info/wp/?p=1046]

  • Mestre I, Ibraimova A, Azhibekov B (2013) Conflicts over pasture resources in the Kyrgyz Republic. Bishkek: Centra Asia Mountain Partnership (CAMP) Alatoo. Retrieved 3 Nov 2011, from http://tinyurl.com/gtwrsqt

  • Peterson J, Flanders JL (2002) Complexity management theory: motivation for ideological rigidity and social conflict. Cortex 38:429–458. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70680-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahimon RM (2012) Evolution of land use in pastoral culture in Central Asia with special reference to Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. In: Squires V (ed) Rangeland stewardship in Central Asia: balancing improved livelihoods, biodiversity conservation and land protection. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 51–67

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson S (2016) Land degradation in Central Asia: evidence, perception and policy. In: Behnke RH, Mortimore M (eds) The end of desertification?. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 451–490

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson S, Milner-Gulland EJ, Alimaev I (2003) Rangeland degradation in Kazakhstan during the Soviet era: re-examining the evidence. J Arid Environ 53:419–439. doi:10.1006/jare.2002.1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sedikides C, Gaertner L, Toguchi Y (2003) Pancultural self-enhancement. J Pers Soc Psychol 84(1):60–79. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepperd JA, Waters EA, Weinstein ND, Klein WM (2015) A primer on unrealistic optimism. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 24(3):232–237. doi:10.1177/0963721414568341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shigaeva J, Hagerman S, Zerriffi Z, Hergarten C, Isaeva A, Mamadalieva Z, Foggin M (2016) Decentralizing governance of agropastoral systems in Kyrgyzstan: an assessment of recent pasture reforms. Mt Res Dev 36(1):91–101. doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-15-00023.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the Partnership for the Advancement of Human Development in Africa and Asia (AKDN and Government of Canada) for their financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jordan Levine.

Additional information

Editor: Nicolas Dendoncker.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Levine, J., Isaeva, A., Eddy, I. et al. A cognitive approach to the post-Soviet Central Asian pasture puzzle: new data from Kyrgyzstan. Reg Environ Change 17, 941–947 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1122-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1122-8

Keywords

Navigation