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Applications of nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical engineering and environmental protection

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Abstract

Nanocomposite hydrogels are polymeric networks that possess a unique property of hydration. The presence of alcohols, carboxylic acids and amides as hydrophilic moieties in structure of nanocomposite hydrogels enhances their stiffness and water-absorbing capacity. Addition of cross-linker in the synthesis of hydrogels increases their stability under extreme conditions of temperature, pH and pressure. Natural polymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels are biodegradable, highly hydrophilic and possess good mechanical strength. Gelatin, chitin, cellulose, pectin, carrageenan, starch and alginate are natural polymers commonly used to fabricate nanocomposite hydrogels. Nanocomposite hydrogels have special characteristics such as high swelling rate, selectivity and stimuli-sensitive nature. Here we review nanocomposite hydrogels for environmental protection and biomedical engineering. Applications in biomedical engineering include drug delivery agents, wound dressing, tissue engineering and antibacterials. Applications in environmental protection include ion exchangers, adsorption, photocatalysis and soil conditioning. Many nanocomposite hydrogels show excellent adsorption selectivity for heavy metal ions: Cu2+ up to 30.35 mg/g, Pb2+ up to 35.94 mg/g, and Zn2+ and Fe3+ up to 94.34 mg/g. Xanthan gum-based nanocomposite hydrogel has removed 96% dye from industrial effluent as reported. In addition, most of the nanocomposite hydrogels showed better adsorption capacity for pollutants in the pH range from 5 to 7. The nanocomposite hydrogels could also be regenerated and successfully utilized for several times. Nanocomposite hydrogels are therefore good bio-absorbent materials for environmental detoxification.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, for funding through Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People’s Republic of China

    Gaurav Sharma, Amit Kumar & Florian J. Stadler

  2. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People’s Republic of China

    Gaurav Sharma & Amit Kumar

  3. School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India

    Gaurav Sharma, Bharti Thakur & Amit Kumar

  4. Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bld.#5, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mu. Naushad

  5. King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia

    Sulaiman M. Alfadul

  6. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa

    Genene Tessema Mola

Authors
  1. Gaurav Sharma
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  2. Bharti Thakur
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  3. Mu. Naushad
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  4. Amit Kumar
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  5. Florian J. Stadler
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  6. Sulaiman M. Alfadul
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  7. Genene Tessema Mola
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Correspondence to Gaurav Sharma or Mu. Naushad.

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Sharma, G., Thakur, B., Naushad, M. et al. Applications of nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical engineering and environmental protection. Environ Chem Lett 16, 113–146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0671-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0671-x

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