Abstract
Dye pollution from industries such as dyeing, textile, leather, cosmetics and pigments is of increasing concern, calling for advanced methods of wastewater remediation. Many techniques have been applied to treat such effluents, but adsorption remains the easiest, low-cost, effective and reliable strategies. The recent development of magnetic composites combines properties of both organic and inorganic components and is thus opening new applications for color removal. Here, we review the use of magnetic nanomaterials to adsorb dyes from aqueous solutions. We present sources of water contamination, actual technologies for wastewater treatment, the impact of dyes on health and the environment, dye removal methodologies, and the advantages of magnetic separation. We also discuss nanoparticle synthesis, results on magnetic nanomaterials for dye adsorption, and adsorption models.
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Abbreviations
- AFM:
-
Atomic force microscopy
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- AR:
-
Acid red
- As:
-
Arsenic
- AY36:
-
Acid yellow 36
- BET:
-
Brunauer–emmett–teller
- BOD:
-
Biological oxygen demand
- BR9:
-
Basic red 9
- CCD:
-
Central composite design
- Cd:
-
Cadmium
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- Cr:
-
Chromium
- CTAB:
-
Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromides
- Cu:
-
Copper
- CV:
-
Crystal violet
- DG6:
-
Direct green 6
- DR23:
-
Direct red 23
- DR31:
-
Direct red 31
- Fe3O4 :
-
Iron(II, III) oxide
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared
- GA:
-
Gum arabic
- IC:
-
Indigo carmine
- MB:
-
Methylene blue
- MBC:
-
Magnetic bio-composite
- MG:
-
Malachite green
- MGO:
-
Magnetic graphene oxide
- MNPs:
-
Magnetic nanoparticles
- MO:
-
Methyl orange
- NaCl:
-
Sodium chloride
- NaOH:
-
Sodium hydroxide
- NY:
-
Nyloset yellow E-RK
- OG:
-
Orange G
- PANI:
-
Polyaniline
- RBBA:
-
Reactive black 5
- RO16:
-
Reactive orange 16
- RR141:
-
Reactive red 141
- RRR:
-
Reactive red 198
- RSM:
-
Response surface methodology
- RTB:
-
Reactive black 21
- RY81:
-
Reactive yellow 81
- SDS:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- SiO2 :
-
Silicon dioxide
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- TiO2 :
-
Titanium dioxide
- UV:
-
Ultraviolet
- VSM:
-
Vibrating sample magnetometer
- XPS:
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- Zn:
-
Zinc
- ZnO:
-
Zinc oxide
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Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely acknowledge the support provided by the Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, India, Government College of Technology, India, and Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, India.
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Nithya, R., Thirunavukkarasu, A., Sathya, A.B. et al. Magnetic materials and magnetic separation of dyes from aqueous solutions: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 1275–1294 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01149-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01149-9