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AMF and Bacillus megaterium Neutralize the Harmful Effects of Salt Stress On Bean Plants

AMF und Bacillus megaterium neutralisieren die schädlichen Auswirkungen von Salzstress auf Bohnenpflanzen

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Abstract

Two pot experiments were directed under open field conditions where green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants cv. Valentino were irrigated with four levels of salinity (1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm) combined with two anti-salinity agents (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] Glomus irradicans 10% w/w, Bacillus megaterium [10 ml/pot] and non-inoculated plants as control) to counteract the negative effect of salt stress, improve the growth, yield, enzymes activity and chemical composition of green bean plants during 2017and 2018 growing seasons. All salinity amelioration treatments (AMF and Bacillus megaterium) significantly improved vegetative growth, shoots biomass (total fresh and dry weight per plant), chlorophyll and antioxidant enzymatic activity at all verified salinity levels compared with non-inoculated plants (control) which showed severe growth retardation especially under the higher salt concentration (4000 ppm). The lowest values of membrane permeability and maximum leaf relative water content were significantly obtained with AMF and B. megaterium. Plants irrigated with lower concentrated saline water (1000 ppm) significantly accumulated lower Na and Cl and higher K than plants irrigated with higher concentrated salinity irrigation water (4000 ppm). The anti-salinity application increased green bean pod yield under all salinity stress levels particularly with AMF followed by B. megaterium compared with non-inoculated plants.

Zusammenfassung

In zwei Topfexperimenten unter Freilandbedingungen wurden grüne Bohnen (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Valentino mit salzhaltigem Wasser bewässert (vier Salinitätsstufen: 1000, 2000, 3000 und 4000 ppm), kombiniert mit zwei unterschiedlichen Behandlungsmethoden (arbuskuläre Mykorrhizapilze [AMF] Glomus besticansans 10 % w/w, Bacillus megaterium [10 ml/Topf], nicht beimpfte Pflanzen als Kontrolle). Ziel war es, der negativen Auswirkung von Salzstress entgegenzuwirken sowie das Wachstum, den Ertrag, die Enzymaktivität und die chemische Zusammensetzung von grünen Bohnenpflanzen in den Vegetationsperioden 2017 und 2018 zu verbessern. Beide Behandlungen verbesserten signifikant bei allen Salzgehalten das vegetative Wachstum, die Biomasse der Triebe (Gesamt-Frisch- und -Trockengewicht pro Pflanze), die enzymatische Chlorophyll- und antioxidative Aktivität im Vergleich zu nicht beimpften Pflanzen. Die Kontrollpflanzen zeigten eine starke Wachstumsverzögerung, insbesondere bei der höheren Salzkonzentration (4000 ppm). Die geringste Membranpermeabilität und der maximale relative Wassergehalt der Blätter wurden durch die Behandlung mit AMF und B. megaterium erreicht. Pflanzen, die mit niedriger konzentriertem Salzwasser (1000 ppm) bewässert wurden, akkumulierten signifikant weniger Na und Cl und mehr K als Pflanzen, die mit höher konzentriertem Salzwasser (4000 ppm) bewässert wurden. Die Behandlungen erhöhten die Ausbeute der grünen Bohnenschoten, insbesondere durch AMF, gefolgt von B. megaterium, verglichen mit nicht beimpften Pflanzen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vegetable Research Dept., National Research Centre, 12622, Cairo, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Egypt

    N. A. Abdel Motaleb & A. A Ghoname

  2. Horticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Shubra Al Khaymah, Egypt

    S. A. Abd Elhady

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  1. N. A. Abdel Motaleb
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  2. S. A. Abd Elhady
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  3. A. A Ghoname
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Correspondence to A. A Ghoname.

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N.A. Abdel Motaleb, S.A. Abd Elhady and A.A. Ghoname declare that they have no competing interests.

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Abdel Motaleb, N.A., Abd Elhady, S.A. & Ghoname, A.A. AMF and Bacillus megaterium Neutralize the Harmful Effects of Salt Stress On Bean Plants. Gesunde Pflanzen 72, 29–39 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00480-8

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