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Fluid Dynamics in Rotary Piston Blood Pumps

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Abstract

Mechanical circulatory support can maintain a sufficient blood circulation if the native heart is failing. The first implantable devices were displacement pumps with membranes. They were able to provide a sufficient blood flow, yet, were limited because of size and low durability. Rotary pumps have resolved these technical drawbacks, enabled a growing number of mechanical circulatory support therapy and a safer application. However, clinical complications like gastrointestinal bleeding, aortic insufficiency, thromboembolic complications, and impaired renal function are observed with their application. This is traced back to their working principle with attenuated or non-pulsatile flow and high shear stress. Rotary piston pumps potentially merge the benefits of available pump types and seem to avoid their complications. However, a profound assessment and their development requires the knowledge of the flow characteristics. This study aimed at their investigation. A functional model was manufactured and investigated with particle image velocimetry. Furthermore, a fluid–structure interaction computational simulation was established to extend the laboratory capabilities. The numerical results precisely converged with the laboratory measurements. Thus, the in silico model enabled the investigation of relevant areas like gap flows that were hardly feasible with laboratory means. Moreover, an economic method for the investigation of design variations was established.

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Acknowledgments

This research project is supported by the START-Program of the Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University.

Conflict of interest

Some of the authors have a patent pending for seal-less rotary piston drives (DE 10 2014 010 745).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Johannes Wappenschmidt, Simon J. Sonntag, Martin Buesen, Sascha Gross-Hardt, Tim Kaufmann & Thomas Schmitz-Rode

  2. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Johannes Wappenschmidt, Ruediger Autschbach & Andreas Goetzenich

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  1. Johannes Wappenschmidt
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  2. Simon J. Sonntag
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  3. Martin Buesen
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  4. Sascha Gross-Hardt
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  5. Tim Kaufmann
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  6. Thomas Schmitz-Rode
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  7. Ruediger Autschbach
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  8. Andreas Goetzenich
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Correspondence to Johannes Wappenschmidt.

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Associate Editor Kerry Hourigan oversaw the review of this article.

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Wappenschmidt, J., Sonntag, S.J., Buesen, M. et al. Fluid Dynamics in Rotary Piston Blood Pumps. Ann Biomed Eng 45, 554–566 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1700-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1700-9

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