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 Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials and Their Influence Upon Cell Behavior

  • S.I. : Biomaterials - Engineering Cell Behavior
  • Published:
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Abstract

Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) are commonly used for the repair and remodeling of injured tissue. The clinical outcomes associated with implantation of ECM-based materials range from unacceptable to excellent. The variable clinical results are largely due to differences in the preparation of the material, including characteristics of the source tissue, the method and efficacy of decellularization, and post-decellularization processing steps. The mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds promote constructive tissue remodeling include mechanical support, degradation and release of bioactive molecules, recruitment and differentiation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, and modulation of the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. The methods of ECM preparation and the impact of these methods on the quality of the final product are described herein. Examples of favorable cellular responses of immune and stem cells associated with constructive tissue remodeling of ECM bioscaffolds are described.

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Abbreviations

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

SIS:

Small intestinal submucosa

UBM:

Urinary bladder matrix

GAGs:

Glycosaminoglycans

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

DOC:

Sodium deoxycholate

ToF–SIMS:

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy

HMDI:

Hexamethylene diisocyanate

MBV:

Matrix bound nanovesicles

FDA:

United States Food and Drug Administration

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

HCT/P:

Human cell and tissue product

EtO:

Ethylene oxide

TOFT:

Tissue organization field theory

DAMPs:

Damage associated molecular patterns

PVSC:

Perivascular stem cells

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Conflict of interest

SF Badylak is the Chief Scientific Officer of ECM Therapeutics, Inc. MC Cramer has nothing to disclose.

Funding

MC Cramer was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (5T32HL076124-12).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Madeline C. Cramer & Stephen F. Badylak

  2. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Madeline C. Cramer & Stephen F. Badylak

  3. Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Stephen F. Badylak

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  1. Madeline C. Cramer
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Correspondence to Stephen F. Badylak.

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Cramer, M.C., Badylak, S.F.  Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials and Their Influence Upon Cell Behavior. Ann Biomed Eng 48, 2132–2153 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02408-9

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