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Innovation in India: A review of past research and future directions

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Abstract

The rapid economic growth that India enjoyed following the start of its economic reforms in 1991 has led to a growing scholarly interest in Indian organizations and management practices. In this paper, we bring together extant yet dispersed research on one important and salient element of Indian economic growth: innovation. We organize and review the substantive innovation research in India based on its scope and focus, and find that it has yielded unique insights about India’s innovation systems and processes at both the institutional and firm levels. Three interesting trends emerge from this review of the literature. First, a growing body of research has started identifying innovation phenomena unique to India, such as “frugal innovation” and the related notion of “jugaad.” Second, a discernible arc in Indian innovation research can be observed, that is, a shift from a focus on the role of the state to the role of MNEs and Indian businesses in innovation. Finally, unlike much innovation research elsewhere, there appears to be significant interest in innovation that serves the need of the poor. We conclude with directions for future research on innovation within the Indian context.

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Notes

  1. https://www.forumforthefuture.org/sites/default/files/images/GreenFutures/India/India_lowres_SPREADS.pdf

  2. Excellent reviews of innovation research in other contexts and domains include Crossan and Apaydin (2010), Fagerberg, Mowery, and Nelson (2006), Gopalakrishnan and Damanpour (1997), Shafique (2013), and Wolfe (1994).

  3. http://nif.org.in/innovation/pulley_with_stopper/93, accessed Mar. 30, 2015.

  4. http://www.tata.com/company/articlesinside/Showcasing-outstanding-innovations

  5. Brazil, Russia, India, and China.

  6. Messner (2011) pointed out the role of governance in tapping into the potential gains from innovation in offshoring activities (in addition to factor cost savings).

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Acknowledgment

The authors thank Sanjay Jain for his extensive comments on an earlier version of this paper. The authors also thank Marc Ahlstrom of Rowan College at Burlington County for his editorial assistance.

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    1. Department of Management, Strome College of Business, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA

      Anil Nair & Orhun Guldiken

    2. Department of Management and International Business, College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA

      Stav Fainshmidt

    3. Department of Management & International Business, Merrick School of Business, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

      Amir Pezeshkan

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    Correspondence to Anil Nair.

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    Orhun Guldiken, Stav Fainshmidt, and Amir Pezeshkan contributed equally to this work.

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    Nair, A., Guldiken, O., Fainshmidt, S. et al. Innovation in India: A review of past research and future directions. Asia Pac J Manag 32, 925–958 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-015-9442-z

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