Abstract
We review and discuss horizontal branch (HB) stars in a broad astrophysical context, including both variable and non-variable stars. A reassessment of the Oosterhoff dichotomy is presented, which provides unprecedented detail regarding its origin and systematics. We show that the Oosterhoff dichotomy and the distribution of globular clusters in the HB morphology-metallicity plane both exclude, with high statistical significance, the possibility that the Galactic halo may have formed from the accretion of dwarf galaxies resembling present-day Milky Way satellites such as Fornax, Sagittarius, and the LMC—an argument which, due to its strong reliance on the ancient RR Lyrae stars, is essentially independent of the chemical evolution of these systems after the very earliest epochs in the Galaxy’s history. Convenient analytical fits to isochrones in the HB type–[Fe/H] plane are also provided. In this sense, a rediscussion of the second-parameter problem is also presented, focusing on the cases of NGC 288/NGC 362, M13/M3, the extreme outer-halo globular clusters with predominantly red HBs, and the metal-rich globular clusters NGC 6388 and NGC 6441. The recently revived possibility that the helium abundance may play an important role as a second parameter is also addressed, and possible constraints on this scenario discussed. We critically discuss the possibility that the observed properties of HB stars in NGC 6388 and NGC 6441 might be accounted for if these clusters possess a relatively minor population of helium-enriched stars. A technique is proposed to estimate the HB types of extragalactic globular clusters on the basis of integrated far-UV photometry. The importance of bright type II Cepheids as tracers of faint blue HB stars in distant systems is also emphasized. The relationship between the absolute V magnitude of the HB at the RR Lyrae level and metallicity, as obtained on the basis of trigonometric parallax measurements for the star RR Lyr, is also revisited. Taking into due account the evolutionary status of RR Lyr, the derived relation implies a true distance modulus to the LMC of (m–M)0=18.44±0.11. Techniques providing discrepant slopes and zero points for the M V (RRL)–[Fe/H] relation are briefly discussed. We provide a convenient analytical fit to theoretical model predictions for the period change rates of RR Lyrae stars in globular clusters, and compare the model results with the available data. Finally, the conductive opacities used in evolutionary calculations of low-mass stars are also investigated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aikawa, M., Fujimoto, M.Y., Kato, K.: Astrophys. J. 560, 937 (2001)
Alcock, C., : Astron. J. 111, 1146 (1996)
Alcock, C., : Astrophys. J. 542, 257 (2000)
Alcock, C., : Astrophys. J. 598, 597 (2003)
Alcock, C., : Astron. J. 127, 334 (2004)
Altmann, M., Edelmann, H., de Boer, K.S.: Astron. Astrophys. 414, 181 (2004)
Altmann, M., Catelan, M., Zoccali, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 439, L5 (2005)
Alves, D.R.: New A Rev. 48, 659 (2004)
Arifyanto, M.I., Fuchs, B., Jahreiß, H., Wielen, R.: Astron. Astrophys. 433, 911 (2005)
Armandroff, T.E.: Astron. J. 96, 588 (1988)
Arp, H.C.: Astron. J. 60, 317 (1955)
Arp, H.C.: Astron. J. 64, 441 (1959)
Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., Sauval, A.J., Allende Prieto, C., Kiselman, D.: Astron. Astrophys. 417, 751 (2004)
Baev, P.V., Markov, H., Spassova, N.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 328, 944 (2001)
Bailey, S.I.: Harv. Coll. Observ. Ann. 38, 1 (1902)
Bailey, S.I.: Harv. Coll. Observ. Ann. 78, 1 (1913)
Bailey, S.I.: Harv. Coll. Observ. Ann. 78, 195 (1919)
Baran, A., Pigulski, A., Koziel, D., Ogloza, W., Silvotti, R., Zola, S.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 360, 737 (2005)
Barnard, E.E.: Astrophys. J. 12, 176 (1900)
Bedin, L.R., Piotto, G., Zoccali, M., Stetson, P.B., Saviane, I., Cassisi, S., Bono, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 363, 159 (2000)
Beers, T.C.: In: Morrison, H., Sarajedini, A. (eds.) Formation of the Galactic Halo…. Inside and Out. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 92, p. 130. ASP, San Francisco (1996)
Behr, B.B.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 149, 67 (2003a)
Behr, B.B.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 149, 101 (2003b)
Behr, B.B., Cohen, J.G., McCarthy, J.K., Djorgovski, S.G.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 517, L135 (1999)
Behr, B.B., Cohen, J.G., McCarthy, J.K.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 531, L37 (2000a)
Behr, B.B., Djorgovski, S.G., Cohen, J.G., McCarthy, J.K., Côté, P., Piotto, G., Zoccali, M.: Astrophys. J. 528, 849 (2000b)
Bekki, K., Norris, J.E.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 637, L109 (2006)
Bekki, K., Campbell, S.W., Lattanzio, J.C., Norris, J.E.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 377, 335 (2007)
Bellazzini, M., Fusi Pecci, F., Ferraro, F.R., Galleti, S., Catelan, M., Landsman, W.B.: Astron. J. 122, 2569 (2001)
Bellazzini, M., Ferraro, F.R., Ibata, R.: Astron. J. 124, 915 (2002)
Bellazzini, M., Ferraro, F.R., Ibata, R.: Astron. J. 125, 188 (2003a)
Bellazzini, M., Ibata, R., Ferraro, F.R., Testa, V.: Astron. Astrophys. 405, 577 (2003b)
Belokurov, V., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 647, L111 (2006)
Belokurov, V., : Astrophys. J. 654, 897 (2007)
Benage, J.F. Jr.: Phys. Plasmas 7, 2040 (2000)
Benage, J.F., Shanahan, W.R., Murillo, M.S.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2953 (1999)
Benedict, G.F., : Astron. J. 123, 473 (2002)
Bertelli, G., Bressan, A., Chiosi, C., Ng, Y.K.: Astron. Astrophys. 310, 115 (1996)
Blazhko, S.: Astron. Nachr. 175, 325 (1907)
Boerker, D.B., Rogers, F.J., DeWitt, H.E.: Phys. Rev. A 25, 1623 (1982)
Bon-Hoa, A.H., LeBlanc, F., Hauschildt, P.H.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 535, L43 (2000)
Bonifacio, P., Castelli, F., Hack, M.: Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 110, 441 (1995)
Bonifacio, P., Sbordone, L., Marconi, G., Pasquini, L., Hill, V.: Astron. Astrophys. 414, 503 (2004)
Bonnell, J., Wu, C.-C., Bell, R.A., Hutchinson, J.L.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 94, 910 (1982)
Bono, G.: In: Alloin, D., Gieren, W. (eds.) Stellar Candles for the Extragalactic Distance Scale. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 635, p. 85. Springer, Berlin (2003)
Bono, G., Caputo, F., Stellingwerf, R.F.: Astrophys. J. 423, 294 (1994)
Bono, G., Caputo, F., Stellingwerf, R.F.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 99, 263 (1995)
Bono, G., Caputo, F., Cassisi, S., Incerpi, R., Marconi, M.: Astrophys. J. 483, 811 (1997a)
Bono, G., Caputo, F., Castellani, V., Marconi, M.: Astrophys. Space Sci. 121, 327 (1997b)
Bono, G., Caputo, F., Castellani, V., Marconi, J., Storm, J., Degl’Innocenti, S.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 344, 1097 (2003)
Borissova, J., Ivanov, V.D., Catelan, M.: IBVS 4919, 1 (2000)
Borissova, J., Minniti, D., Rejkuba, M., Alves, D., Cook, K.H., Freeman, K.C.: Astron. Astrophys. 423, 97 (2004)
Borkova, T.V., Marsakov, V.A.: Astron. Rep. 44, 665 (2000)
Bowen, G.H.: In: Stalio, R., Willson, L.A. (eds.) Pulsation and Mass Loss in Stars, p. 3. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1988)
Boyer, M.L., McDonald, I., van Loon, J.T., Woodward, C.E., Gehrz, R.D., Evans, A., Dupree, A.K.: Astron. J. 135, 1395 (2008)
Bragaglia, A., Gratton, R.G., Carretta, E., Clementini, G., Di Fabrizio, L., Marconi, M.: Astron. J. 122, 207 (2001)
Bressan, A., Chiosi, C., Fagotto, F.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 94, 63 (1994)
Brocato, E., Castellani, V., Ferraro, F.R., Piersimoni, A.M., Testa, V.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 282, 614 (1996)
Brocato, E., Di Carlo, E., Menna, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 374, 523 (2001)
Brown, J.A., Wallerstein, G., Zucker, D.: Astron. J. 114, 180 (1997)
Brown, J.A., Wallerstein, G., Gonzalez, G.: Astron. J. 118, 1245 (1999)
Brown, T.M., Sweigart, A.V., Lanz, T., Landsman, W.B., Hubeny, I.: Astron. J. 562, 368 (2001)
Brown, T.M., Ferguson, H., Smith, E., Kimble, R.A., Sweigart, A.V., Renzini, A., Rich, R.M., VandenBerg, D.A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 592, L17 (2003)
Brown, T.M., Ferguson, H., Smith, E., Kimble, R.A., Sweigart, A.V., Renzini, A., Rich, R.M.: Astron. J. 127, 2738 (2004a)
Brown, T.M., Ferguson, H., Smith, E., Kimble, R.A., Sweigart, A.V., Renzini, A., Rich, R.M., VandenBerg, D.A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 613, L125 (2004b)
Brown, W.R., Geller, M.J., Kenyon, S.J., Beers, T.C., Kurtz, M.J., Roll, J.B.: Astron. J. 127, 1555 (2004c)
Brown, W.R., Geller, M.J., Kenyon, S.J., Kurtz, M.J., Allende Prieto, C., Beers, T.C., Wilhelm, R.: Astron. J. 130, 1097 (2005)
Brown, T.M., Smith, E., Ferguson, H., Rich, R.M., Guhathakurta, P., Renzini, A., Sweigart, A.V., Kimble, R.A.: Astrophys. J. 652, 323 (2006)
Brown, W.R., Beers, T.C., Wilhelm, R., Allende Prieto, C., Geller, M.J., Kenyon, S.J., Kurtz, M.J.: Astron. J. 135, 564 (2008)
Browne, S.E.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 117, 726 (2005)
Buchler, J.R., Wood, P.R., Keller, S., Soszyński, I.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 631, L151 (2005)
Buonanno, R.: In: Smith, G.H., Brodie, J.P. (eds.) The Globular Cluster-Galaxy Connection. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 48, p. 131. ASP, San Francisco (1993)
Buonanno, R., Corsi, C.E., Fusi Pecci, F.: Astron. Astrophys. 145, 97 (1985)
Buonanno, R., Corsi, C.E., Fusi Pecci, F., Richer, H.B., Fahlman, G.G.: Astron. J. 105, 184 (1993)
Buonanno, R., Corsi, C.E., Bellazzini, M., Ferraro, F.R., Fusi Pecci, F.: Astron. J. 113, 706 (1997)
Buonanno, R., Corsi, C.E., Zinn, R., Fusi Pecci, F., Hardy, E., Suntzeff, N.B.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 501, L33 (1998)
Buonanno, R., Corsi, C.E., Castellani, M., Marconi, G., Fusi Pecci, F., Zinn, R.: Astron. J. 118, 1671 (1999)
Busso, G., Moehler, S.: In: Heber, U., Jeffery, C.S., Napiwotzki, R. (eds.) Hot Subdwarf Stars and Related Objects. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 392, p. 39. ASP, San Francisco (2008)
Busso, G., Moehler, S., Zoccali, M., Heber, U., Yi, S.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 633, L29 (2005)
Busso, G., : Astron. Astrophys. 474, 105 (2007)
Butler, D., Demarque, P., Smith, H.A.: Astrophys. J. 257, 592 (1982)
Cacciari, C.: In: Egret, D., Heck, A. (eds.) Harmonizing Cosmic Distances in a Post-Hipparcos Era. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 167, p. 140. ASP, San Francisco (1999)
Cacciari, C.: In: Piotto, G., Meylan, G., Djorgovski, S.G., Riello, M. (eds.) New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 296, p. 329. ASP, San Francisco (2003)
Cacciari, C., Clementini, G.: In: Alloin, D., Gieren, W. (eds.) Stellar Candles for the Extragalactic Distance Scale. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 635, p. 105. Springer, Berlin (2003)
Cacciari, C., Bellazzini, M., Colucci, S.: In: Geisler, D., Grebel, E.K., Minniti, D. (eds.) Extragalactic Star Clusters. IAU Symp. Ser., vol. 207, p. 168. IAU, San Francisco (2002)
Cacciari, C., Corwin, T.M., Carney, B.W.: Astron. J. 129, 267 (2005)
Cáceres, C., Catelan, M.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 179, 242 (2008)
Caloi, V.: Astron. Astrophys. 20, 357 (1972)
Caloi, V.: Astron. Astrophys. 343, 904 (1999)
Caloi, V.: Astron. Astrophys. 366, 91 (2001)
Caloi, V., D’Antona, F.: Astron. Astrophys. 435, 987 (2005a)
Caloi, V., D’Antona, F.: Astron. Astrophys. 463, 949 (2005b)
Caloi, V., D’Antona, F.: Astrophys. J. 673, 847 (2008)
Cannon, R.D.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 150, 111 (1970)
Caputo, F.: Rep. Prog. Phys. 48, 1235 (1985)
Caputo, F.: Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 9, 33 (1998)
Caputo, F., Degl’Innocenti, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 298, 833 (1995)
Caputo, F., Marconi, M., Santolamazza, P.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 293, 364 (1998)
Caputo, F., De Stefanis, P., Paez, E., Quarta, M.L.: Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 68, 119 (1987)
Caputo, F., Castellani, V., Marconi, M., Ripepi, V.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 316, 819 (2000)
Carney, B.W.: In: Labhardt, L., Binggeli, B. (eds.) Star Clusters, p. 1. Springer, Berlin (2001)
Carney, B.W., Latham, D.W., Stefanik, R.P., Laird, J.B., Morse, J.A.: Astron. J. 125, 293 (2003)
Carraro, G., Zinn, R., Moni, B.C.: Astron. Astrophys. 466, 181 (2007)
Carraro, G., Moitinho, A., Vázquez, R.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 385, 1597 (2008a)
Carrera, R., Gallart, C., Hardy, E., Aparicio, A., Zinn, R.: Astron. J. 135, 836 (2008b)
Carretta, E., Gratton, R.: In: Morrison, H., Sarajedini, A. (eds.) Formation of the Galactic Halo….Inside and Out. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 92, p. 359. ASP, San Francisco (1996)
Carretta, E., Gratton, R.: Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 121, 95 (1997)
Carretta, E., Gratton, R., Clementini, G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 316, 721 (2000)
Carretta, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Gratton, R.G., Piotto, G., Bragaglia, A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 671, L125 (2007)
Cassisi, S.: Preprint. arXiv:astro-ph/0506161 (2005)
Cassisi, S., Castellani, V., Degl’Innocenti, S., Fiorentini, G., Ricci, B.: Phys. Lett. B 481, 323 (2000)
Cassisi, S., Schlattl, H., Salaris, M., Weiss, A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 582, L43 (2003)
Cassisi, S., Castellani, M., Caputo, F., Castellani, V.: Astron. Astrophys. 426, 641 (2004)
Cassisi, S., Potekhin, A.Y., Pietrinferni, A., Salaris, M.: Astrophys. J. 661, 1094 (2007)
Cassisi, S., Salaris, M., Pietrinferni, A., Piotto, G., Milone, A.P., Bedin, L.R., Anderson, J.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 672, L115 (2008)
Castellani, V.: MSAIt 54, 141 (1983)
Castellani, V.: Fund. Cosm. Phys. 9, 317 (1985)
Castellani, V.: In: Martinez Roger, C., Pérez Fournon, P., Sánchez, F. (eds.) Globular Clusters, p. 109. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1999)
Castellani, M., Castellani, V.: Astrophys. J. 407, 649 (1993)
Castellani, V., Degl’Innocenti, S.: Astrophys. J. 402, 574 (1993)
Castellani, V., Paternò, L.: AN 305, 251 (1984)
Castellani, V., Renzini, A.: Astrophys. Space Sci. 2, 310 (1968)
Castellani, V., Tornambè, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 96, 207 (1981)
Castellani, V., Chieffi, A., Pulone, L.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 76, 911 (1991)
Castellani, M., Castellani, V., Prada Moroni, P.G.: Astron. Astrophys. 457, 569 (2006a)
Castellani, V., Iannicola, G., Bono, G., Zoccali, M., Cassisi, S., Buonanno, R.: Astron. Astrophys. 446, 569 (2006b)
Castelli, F., Parthasaraty, M., Hack, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 321, 254 (1997)
Catelan, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 261, 457 (1992)
Catelan, M.: Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 98, 547 (1993)
Catelan, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 307, L13 (1996)
Catelan, M.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 495, L81 (1998)
Catelan, M.: Astrophys. J. 531, 826 (2000)
Catelan, M.: Astrophys. J. 600, 409 (2004a)
Catelan, M.: In: Kurtz, D.W., Pollard, K.R. (eds.) Variable Stars in the Local Group. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 310, p. 113. ASP, San Francisco (2004b)
Catelan, M.: Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrof. (Ser. Conf.) 26, 93 (2006)
Catelan, M.: In: Roig, F., Alcaniz, J., de la Reza, R., Lopes, D. (eds.) Graduate School in Astronomy: XI Special Courses at the National Observatory of Rio de Janeiro. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 930, p. 37. AIP, Melville (2007)
Catelan, M.: Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 79, 388 (2008a)
Catelan, M.: In: Chávez, M., Bertone, E., Rosa-González, D., Rodríguez-Merino, L.H. (eds.) New Quests in Stellar Astrophysics II: The Ultraviolet Properties of Evolved Stellar Populations. Springer, Berlin (2008b, in press). arXiv:astro-ph/0708.2445
Catelan, M.: In: The Ages of Stars, IAU Symp. Ser., vol. 258 (2009, in press). arXiv:astro-ph/0811.2947
Catelan, M., Cortés, C.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 676, L135 (2008)
Catelan, M., de Freitas Pacheco, J.A.: Astron. J. 106, 1858 (1993)
Catelan, M., de Freitas Pacheco, J.A.: Astron. Astrophys. 297, 345 (1995)
Catelan, M., de Freitas Pacheco, J.A.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 108, 166 (1996)
Catelan, M., de Freitas Pacheco, J.A., Horvath, J.E.: Astrophys. J. 461, 231 (1996)
Catelan, M., Borissova, J., Sweigart, A.V., Spassova, N.: Astrophys. J. 494, 265 (1998)
Catelan, M., Bellazzini, M., Landsman, W.B., Ferraro, F.R., Fusi Pecci, F., Galleti, S.: Astron. J. 122, 3171 (2001a)
Catelan, M., Ferraro, F.R., Rood, R.T.: Astrophys. J. 560, 970 (2001b)
Catelan, M., Borissova, J., Ferraro, F.R., Corwin, T.M., Smith, H.A., Kurtev, R.: Astron. J. 124, 364 (2002a)
Catelan, M., Rood, R.T., Ferraro, F.R.: In: Geisler, D., Grebel, E.K., Minniti, D. (eds.) Extragalactic Star Clusters. IAU Symp. Ser., vol. 207, p. 113. IAU, San Francisco (2002b)
Catelan, M., Pritzl, B.J., Smith, H.A.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 154, 633 (2004)
Catelan, M., Stetson, P.B., Pritzl, B.J., Smith, H.A., Kinemuchi, K., Layden, A.C., Sweigart, A.V., Rich, R.M.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 651, L133 (2006)
Cavallo, R.M., Nagar, N.M.: Astron. J. 120, 1364 (2000)
Cavallo, R.M., Suntzeff, N.B., Pilachowski, C.A.: Astron. J. 127, 3411 (2004)
Chaboyer, B.: In: Heck, A., Caputo, F. (eds.) Post-Hipparcos Cosmic Candles, p. 111. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1999)
Chaboyer, B., Demarque, P., Kernan, P.J., Krauss, L.M., Sarajedini, A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 283, 683 (1996)
Chadid, M., Wade, G.A., Shorlin, S.L.S., Landstreet, J.D.: Astron. Astrophys. 413, 1087 (2004)
Charpinet, S., Fontaine, G., Brassard, P., Dorman, B.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 471, L103 (1996)
Charpinet, S., Fontaine, G., Brassard, P., Green, E.M., Chayer, P.: Astron. Astrophys. 437, 575 (2005)
Charpinet, S., : Astron. Astrophys. 459, 565 (2006)
Cho, D.-H., Lee, S.-G., Jeon, Y.-B., Sim, K.J.: Astron. J. 129, 1922 (2005)
Choi, E., Yi, S.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 375, L1 (2007)
Choi, E., Yi, S.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 386, 1332 (2008)
Chuzhoy, L.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 369, L52 (2006)
Clement, C.M., Rowe, J.: Astron. J. 120, 2579 (2000)
Clement, C.M., Rowe, J.: Astron. J. 122, 1464 (2001)
Clement, C.M., : Astron. J. 122, 2587 (2001)
Clementini, G., Carretta, E., Gratton, R., Merighi, R., Mould, J.R., McCarthy, J.K.: Astron. J. 110, 2319 (1995)
Clementini, G., Federici, L., Corsi, C., Cacciari, C., Bellazzini, M., Smith, H.A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 559, L109 (2001)
Clementini, G., Gratton, R., Bragaglia, A., Carretta, E., Di Fabrizio, L., Maio, M.: Astron. J. 125, 1309 (2003)
Clementini, G., Corwin, T.M., Carney, B.W., Sumerel, A.N.: Astron. J. 127, 938 (2004)
Clementini, G., Gratton, R.G., Bragaglia, A., Ripepi, V., Martinez Fiorenzano, A.F., Held, E.V., Carretta, E.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 630, L145 (2005)
Clewley, L., Kinman, T.D.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 371, L11 (2006)
Clewley, L., Warren, S.J., Hewett, P.C., Norris, J.P., Wilkinson, M.I., Evans, N.W.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 362, 349 (2005)
Cohen, J.G.: Astron. J. 127, 1545 (2004)
Cohen, J.G., Melendez, J.: Astron. J. 129, 1607 (2005)
Cole, P.W., Deupree, R.G.: Astrophys. J. 239, 284 (1980)
Contreras, R., Catelan, M., Smith, H.A., Pritzl, B.J., Borissova, J.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 623, L117 (2005)
Contreras, R., : Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 79, 686 (2008)
Cortés, C., Catelan, M.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 177, 362 (2008)
Corwin, T.M., Catelan, M., Borissova, J., Smith, H.A.: Astron. Astrophys. 421, 667 (2004)
Corwin, T.M., Sumerel, A.N., Pritzl, B.J., Smith, H.A., Catelan, M., Sweigart, A.V., Stetson, P.B.: Astron. J. 132, 1014 (2006)
Cox, J.P.: Rep. Prog. Phys. 37, 563 (1974)
Cox, A.N.: In: Adelman, S.J., Wiese, W.L. (eds.) Astrophysical Applications of Powerful New Databases. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 78, p. 243. ASP, San Francisco (1995)
Cudworth, K.M.: In: Humphreys, R.M. (ed.) Proper Motions and Galactic Astronomy. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 127, p. 91. ASP, San Francisco (1997)
Da Costa, G.S., Armandroff, T.E.: Astron. J. 109, 2533 (1995)
Da Costa, G.S., Coleman, M.G.: Astron. J. 136, 506 (2008)
Dall’Ora, M., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 653, L109 (2006)
Dambis, A.K., Rastorguev, A.S.: Astron. Letters 27, 108 (2001)
D’Antona, F.: In: Noels, A., Magain, P., Caro, D., Jehin, E., Parmentier, G., Thoul, A. (eds.) In The Galactic Halo: From Globular Clusters to Field Stars, 35th Liège Int. Astron. Colloquium, p. 433. Université de Liège, Liège (1999)
D’Antona, F., Caloi, V.: Astrophys. J. 611, 871 (2004)
D’Antona, F., Caloi, V.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 390, 693 (2008)
D’Antona, F., Ventura, P.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 379, 1431 (2007)
D’Antona, F., Caloi, V., Montalbán, J., Ventura, P., Gratton, R.: Astron. Astrophys. 395, 69 (2002)
D’Antona, F., Bellazzini, M., Caloi, V., Fusi Pecci, F., Galleti, S., Rood, R.T.: Astrophys. J. 631, 868 (2005)
D’Cruz, N.L., Dorman, B., Rood, R.T., O’Connell, R.W.: Astrophys. J. 466, 359 (1996)
D’Cruz, N.L., : Astrophys. J. 530, 352 (2000)
De Angeli, F., Piotto, G., Cassisi, S., Busso, G., Recio-Blanco, A., Salaris, M., Aparicio, A., Rosenberg, A.: Astron. J. 130, 116 (2005)
de Boer, K.S.: In: Egret, D., Heck, A. (eds.) Harmonizing Cosmic Distances in a Post-Hipparcos Era. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 167, p. 129. ASP, San Francisco (1999)
De Medeiros, J.R.: In: Maeder, A., Eenens, P. (eds.) Stellar Rotation, IAU Symp., vol. 215, p. 144. IAU, San Francisco (2003)
De Santis, R., Cassisi, S.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 308, 97 (1999)
Dearborn, D.S.P., Lattanzio, J.C., Eggleton, P.P.: Astrophys. J. 639, 405 (2006)
Decressin, T., Charbonnel, C., Meynet, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 475, 859 (2007)
Del Principe, M., : Astrophys. J. 652, 362 (2006)
Demarque, P.: In: Hubeny, I., Heap, S.R., Cornett, R.H. (eds.) Spectrophotometric Dating of Stars and Galaxies, p. 177. ASP, San Francisco (1999)
Demarque, P., Mengel, J.G., Sweigart, A.V.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 173, L27 (1972)
Demarque, P., Zinn, R., Lee, Y.-W., Yi, S.: Astron. J. 119, 1398 (2000)
Demers, S., Wehlau, A.: Astron. J. 82, 620 (1977)
Despain, K.: Space Sci. Rev. 27, 483 (1980)
Detre, L., Szeidl, B.: Inf. Bull. Var. Stars 764, 1 (1973)
Deupree, R.G.: Astrophys. J. 471, 377 (1996)
Di Criscienzo, M., Marconi, M., Caputo, F.: Astrophys. J. 612, 1092 (2004)
Di Criscienzo, M., Caputo, F., Marconi, M., Cassisi, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 471, 893 (2007)
Dieball, A., Knigge, C., Zurek, D.R., Shara, M.M., Long, K.S.: Astrophys. J. 625, 156 (2005)
Dieball, A., Knigge, C., Zurek, D.R., Shara, M.M., Long, K.S., Charles, P.A., Hannikainen, D.: Astrophys. J. 670, 379 (2007a)
Dieball, A., Knigge, C., Zurek, D.R., Shara, M.M., Long, K.S., Charles, P.A., Hannikainen, D.: Astrophys. J. 625, 156 (2007b)
Dinescu, D.I.: In: van Leeuwen, F., Hughes, J., Piotto, G. (eds.) ω Centauri: A Unique Window into Astrophysics. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 265, p. 365. ASP, San Francisco (2002)
Dinescu, D.I., Majewski, S.R., Girard, T.M., Cudworth, K.M.: Astron. J. 122, 1916 (2001)
Dixon, W.V.D., Davidsen, A.F., Dorman, B., Ferguson, H.C.: Astron. J. 111, 1936 (1996)
Dixon, W.V.D., Brown, T.M., Landsman, W.B.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 600, L43 (2004)
Dolphin, A.E., Saha, A., Olszewski, E.W., Thim, F., Skillman, E.D., Gallagher, J.S., Hoessel, J.: Astron. J. 127, 875 (2004)
Dorman, B.: In: Noels, A., Fraipont-Caro, D., Gabriel, M., Demarque, P. (eds.) Stellar Evolution: What Should be Done, 32nd Liège Int. Astron. Colloquium, p. 291. Université de Liège, Liège (1995)
Dorman, B., Rood, R.T., O’Connell, R.W.: Astrophys. J. 419, 596 (1993)
Dorman, B., O’Connell, R.W., Rood, R.T.: Astrophys. J. 442, 105 (1995)
Downes, R.A., Margon, B., Homer, L., Anderson, S.F.: Astron. J. 128, 2288 (2004)
Dziembowski, W.A., Mizerski, T.: Acta Astron. 54, 363 (2004)
Edwards, A.C.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 146, 445 (1969)
Fabbian, D., Recio-Blanco, A., Gratton, R.G., Piotto, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 434, 235 (2005)
Faulkner, J.: Astrophys. J. 144, 978 (1966)
Feast, M.W.: In: Martinez Roger, C., Pérez Fournon, I., Sánchez, F. (eds.) Globular Clusters, p. 251. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1999)
Feast, M.W., Laney, C.D., Kinman, T.D., van Leeuwen, F., Whitelock, P.A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 386, 2115 (2008)
Fernley, J., Barnes, T.G., Skillen, I., Hawley, S.L., Hanley, C.J., Evans, D.W., Solano, E., Garrido, R.: Astron. Astrophys. 330, 515 (1998a)
Fernley, J., Carney, B.W., Sillen, I., Cacciari, C., Janes, K.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 293, L61 (1998b)
Ferraro, I., Ferraro, F.R., Fusi Pecci, F., Corsi, C.E., Buonanno, R.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 275, 1057 (1995)
Ferraro, F.R., Paltrinieri, B., Fusi Pecci, F., Cacciari, C., Dorman, B., Rood, R.T.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 484, L145 (1997)
Ferraro, F.R., Paltrinieri, B., Fusi Pecci, F., Rood, R.T., Dorman, B.: Astrophys. J. 500, 311 (1998)
Fiorentino, G., Caputo, F., Marconi, M., Musella, I.: Astrophys. J. 576, 402 (2002)
Fliri, J., Riffeser, A., Seitz, S., Bender, R.: Astron. Astrophys. 445, 423 (2006)
Fontaine, G., Brassard, P., Charpinet, S., Green, E.M., Chayer, P., Billères, M., Randall, S.K.: Astrophys. J. 597, 518 (2003)
Fontaine, G., Green, E.M., Brassard, P., Charpinet, S., Chayer, P., Billères, M., Randall, S.K., Dorman, B.: Astrophys. Space Sci. 291, 379 (2004)
Fontaine, G., Brassard, P., Charpinet, S., Green, E.M., Chayer, P., Randall, S., Dorman, B.: In: Fletcher, K., Thompson, M. (eds.) Beyond the Spherical Sun (ESA SP-624), Proc. SOHO 18/GONG 2006/HELAS I. Published on CD-ROM, p. 32.1 (2006a)
Fontaine, G., Green, E.M., Chayer, P., Brassard, P., Charpinet, S., Randall, S.K.: Baltic Astron. 15, 211 (2006b)
Frinchaboy, P.M., Majewski, S.R., Crane, J.D., Reid, I.N., Rocha-Pinto, H.J., Phelps, R.L., Patterson, R.J., Muñoz, R.R.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 602, L21 (2004)
Fusi Pecci, F., Bellazzini, M.: In: Philip, A.G.D., Liebert, J., Saffer, R.A. (eds.) The Third Conference on Faint Blue Stars, p. 255. Davis, Schenectady (1997)
Fusi Pecci, F., Renzini, A.: In: Philip, A.G.D., Hayes, D.S. (eds.) The HR Diagram. IAU Symp., vol. 80, p. 225. Reidel, Dordrecht (1978)
Fusi Pecci, F., Ferraro, F.R., Corsi, C.E., Cacciari, C., Buonanno, R.: Astron. J. 104, 1831 (1992)
Fusi Pecci, F., Ferraro, F.R., Bellazzini, M., Djorgovski, S., Piotto, G., Buonanno, R.: Astron. J. 105, 1145 (1993)
Fusi Pecci, F., : Astron. J. 112, 1461 (1996)
Gallart, C., Stetson, P.B., Hardy, E., Pont, F., Zinn, R.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 614, L109 (2004)
Gallart, C., Zoccali, M., Aparicio, A.: Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 43, 387 (2005)
Geisler, D., Wallerstein, G., Smith, V.V., Casetti-Dinescu, D.I.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 119, 939 (2007)
Gingold, R.A.: Astrophys. J. 204, 116 (1976)
Gingold, R.A.: Memoire Soc. Astron. Italiana 56, 169 (1985)
Girardi, L.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 308, 818 (1999)
Gould, A., Popowski, P.: Astrophys. J. 508, 844 (1998)
Gratton, R.G., Sneden, C., Carretta, E., Bragaglia, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 354, 169 (2000)
Gratton, R.G., Bragaglia, A., Clementini, G., Carretta, E., Di Fabrizio, L., Maio, M., Taribello, E.: Astron. Astrophys. 421, 937 (2004a)
Gratton, R., Sneden, C., Carretta, E.: Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 42, 385 (2004b)
Gratton, R.G., : Astron. Astrophys. 464, 953 (2007)
Greco, C., et al.: Preprint. arXiv:astro-ph/0507244 (2005)
Greco, C., : Astrophys. J. 670, 332 (2007)
Greco, C., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 675, L73 (2008)
Green, E.M., Liebert, J.W., Peterson, R.C., Saffer, R.A.: In: Philip, A.G.D., Liebert, J., Saffer, R.A. (eds.) The Third Conference on Faint Blue Stars, p. 271. Davis, Schenectady (1997)
Green, E.M., Liebert, J., Saffer, R.A.: In: Shipman, H.L., Provencal, J.L., MacDonald, J., Goodchild, S. (eds.) 12th European Workshop on White Dwarfs. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 226, p. 192. ASP, San Francisco (2001)
Green, E.M., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 583, L31 (2003)
Grenon, M., Waelkens, C.: Astron. Astrophys. 155, 24 (1986)
Grocholski, A.J., Sarajedini, A.: Astron. J. 123, 1603 (2002)
Gruberbauer, M., : Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 379, 1498 (2007)
Grundahl, F.: In: Hubeny, I., Heap, S.R., Cornett, R.H. (eds.) Spectrophotometric Dating of Stars and Galaxies. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 192, p. 223. ASP, San Francisco (1999)
Grundahl, F.: In: Piotto, G., Meylan, G., Djorgovski, S.G., Riello, M. (eds.) New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 296, p. 337. ASP, San Francisco (2003)
Grundahl, F., Catelan, M., Landsman, W.B., Stetson, P.B., Andersen, M.I.: Astrophys. J. 524, 242 (1999)
Han, Z.: Astron. Astrophys. 484, L31 (2008)
Harris, W.E.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 192, L161 (1974)
Harris, W.E.: Astron. J. 112, 1487 (1996)
Harris, W.E.: In: Labhardt, L., Binggeli, B. (eds.) Star Clusters, p. 223. Springer, Berlin (2001)
Heber, U.: Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 79, 375 (2008)
Hopkins, A.M., Rao, S.M., Turnshek, D.A.: Astrophys. J. 630, 108 (2005)
Horch, E., Demarque, P., Pinsonneault, M.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 388, L53 (1992)
Hoyle, F., Schwarzschild, M.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 2, 1 (1955)
Hubbard, W.B., Lampe, M.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 163, 297 (1969)
Ibata, R.A., Gilmore, G., Irwin, M.J.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 277, 781 (1995)
Ibata, R.A., Irwin, M.J., Lewis, G.F., Ferguson, A.M.N., Tanvir, N.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 340, L21 (2003)
Iben, I. Jr.: Nature 220, 143 (1968)
Iben, I. Jr.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 76, 55 (1991)
Iben, I. Jr., Renzini, A.: Phys. Rep. 105, 329 (1984)
Iben, I. Jr., Rood, R.T.: Astrophys. J. 161, 587 (1970)
Ita, Y., : Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 337, L31 (2002)
Itoh, N., Mitake, S., Iyetomi, H., Ichimaru, S.: Astrophys. J. 273, 774 (1983)
Ivans, I.I., Kraft, R.P., Sneden, C., Smith, G.H., Rich, R.M., Shetrone, M.: Astron. J. 122, 1438 (2001)
Ivezic, Z., : Astron. J. 120, 963 (2000)
Jeffery, C.S., Saio, H.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 371, 659 (2006)
Jerzykiewicz, M., Wenzel, W.: Acta Astron. 27, 35 (1977)
Johnson, J.A., Bolte, M.: Astron. J. 115, 693 (1998)
Johnson, J.A., Bolte, M., Stetson, P.B., Hesser, J.E., Somervile, R.S.: Astrophys. J. 527, 199 (1999)
Johnson, J.A., Bolte, M., Stetson, P.B., Hesser, J.E.: In: Geisler, D., Grebel, E.K., Minniti, D. (eds.) Extragalactic Star Clusters. IAU Symp. Ser., vol. 207, p. 113. IAU, San Francisco (2002)
Jones, R.V., Carney, B.W., Latham, D.W.: Astrophys. J. 326, 312 (1988)
Jones, R.V., Carney, B.W., Fulbright, J.P.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 108, 877 (1996)
Judge, P.G., Stencel, R.E.: Astrophys. J. 371, 357 (1991)
Jurcsik, J., Kovács, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 312, 111 (1996)
Jurcsik, J., : Astron. J. 132, 61 (2006)
Kaempf, T.A., de Boer, K.S., Altmann, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 432, 879 (2005)
Kałużny, J., Udalski, A.: Acta Astron. 42, 29 (1992)
Kawaler, S.D.: Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 77, 402 (2006)
Kawaler, S.D., Hostler, S.R.: Astrophys. J. 621, 432 (2005)
Keller, S.C., Murphy, S., Prior, S., Da Costa, G., Schmidt, B.: Astrophys. J. 678, 851 (2008)
Kholopov, P.N., et al.: Combined General Catalog of Variable Stars, 4.1 Ed (II/214A) (1998) (electronically available at http://www.sai.msu.su/groups/cluster/gcvs/gcvs/)
Kilkenny, D.: In: Aerts, C., Bedding, T.R., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. (eds.) Radial and Nonradial Pulsations as Probes of Stellar Physics. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 259, p. 356. ASP, San Francisco (2002)
Kilkenny, D., Koen, C., O’Donoghue, D., Stobie, R.S.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 285, 640 (1997)
Kinemuchi, K.: Ph.D. thesis. Michigan State University (2004)
Kinman, T.D., Saha, A., Pier, J.R.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 605, L25 (2004)
Kinman, T.D., Suntzeff, N.B., Kraft, R.P.: Astron. J. 108, 1722 (1994)
Kinman, T., Castelli, F., Cacciari, C., Bragaglia, A., Harmer, D., Valdes, F.: Astron. Astrophys. 364, 102 (2000)
Kiss, L.L., Bedding, T.R.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 347, L83 (2004)
Kiss, L.L., Csák, B., Thomson, J.R., Vinkó, J.: Astron. Astrophys. 345, 149 (1999)
Kolenberg, K.: Ph.D. thesis, Katholieke Univ. Leiden (2002) (available at http://www.ster.kuleuven.be/pub/kolenberg_phd/)
Koleva, M., Prugniel, Ph., Ocvirk, P., Le Borgne, D., Soubiran, C.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 385, 1998 (2008)
Kovács, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 295, 693 (1995)
Kovács, G.: In: Bradley, P.A., Guzik, J.A. (eds.) A Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 135, p. 52. ASP, San Francisco (1998)
Kovács, G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 342, L58 (2003)
Kovács, G., Walker, A.R.: Astrophys. J. 512, 271 (1999)
Kraft, R.P., Ivans, I.I.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 115, 143 (2003)
Kravtsov, V.: Astron. Astrophys. 396, 117 (2002)
Kudritzki, R.P., Reimers, D.: Astron. Astrophys. 70, 227 (1978)
Kuehn, C., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 674, L81 (2008)
Landsman, W.: In: Hubeny, I., Heap, S.R., Cornett, R.H. (eds.) Spectrophotometric Dating of Stars and Galaxies. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 192, p. 235. ASP, San Francisco (1999)
Landsman, W.B., Catelan, M., O’Connell, R.W., Pereira, D., Stecher, T.P.: Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 199, 5611 (2001)
Langer, G.E., Hoffman, R.D.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 107, 1117 (1995)
Lanz, T., Brown, T.M., Sweigart, A.V., Hubeny, I., Landsman, W.B.: Astrophys. J. 602, 342 (2004)
Layden, A.C.: Astron. J. 108, 1016 (1994)
Layden, A.C.: Astron. J. 110, 2312 (1995)
Layden, A.C.: In: Morrison, H., Sarajedini, A. (eds.) Formation of the Galactic Halo…. Inside and Out. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 92, p. 141. ASP, San Francisco (1996)
Layden, A.C., Sarajedini, A.: Astron. J. 119, 1760 (2000)
Layden, A.C., Hanson, R.B., Hawley, S.L., Klemola, A.R., Hanley, C.J.: Astron. J. 112, 2110 (1996)
Layden, A.C., Ritter, L.A., Welch, D.L., Webb, T.M.A.: Astron. J. 117, 1313 (1999)
Le Borgne, J.F., Klotz, A., Boër, M.: Inf. Bull. Var. Srars 5823, 1 (2008)
Lebzelter, T., Wood, P.R.: Astron. Astrophys. 441, 1117 (2005)
Lebzelter, T., Wood, P.R., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., Fekel, F.C.: Astron. Astrophys. 432, 207 (2005)
Lee, Y.-W.: Astrophys. J. 363, 159 (1990)
Lee, Y.-W.: Astrophys. J. 367, 524 (1991)
Lee, S.-W., Cannon, R.D.: J. Korean Astron. Soc. 13, 15 (1980)
Lee, J.-W., Carney, B.W.: Astron. J. 117, 2868 (1999a)
Lee, J.-W., Carney, B.W.: Astron. J. 118, 1373 (1999b)
Lee, Y.-W., Zinn, R.: In: Cacciari, C., Clementini, G. (eds.) Confrontation between Stellar Pulsation and Evolution. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 11, p. 26. ASP, San Francisco (1990)
Lee, Y.-W., Demarque, P., Zinn, R.: Astrophys. J. 350, 155 (1990)
Lee, Y.-W., Demarque, P., Zinn, R.: Astrophys. J. 423, 248 (1994)
Lee, Y.-W., Yoon, S.-J., Lee, H.-c., Woo, J.-H.: In: Hubeny, I., Heap, S.R., Cornett, R.H. (eds.) Spectrophotometric Dating of Stars and Galaxies, p. 185. ASP, San Francisco (1999)
Lee, H.-c., Yoon, S.-J., Lee, Y.-W.: Astron. J. 120, 998 (2000)
Lee, H.-c., Lee, Y.-W., Gibson, B.K.: Astron. J. 124, 2664 (2002)
Lee, Y.-W., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 619, L103 (2005a)
Lee, Y.-W., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 621, L57 (2005b)
Lee, J.-W., López-Morales, M., Carney, B.W.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 646, L119 (2006)
Lee, Y.-W., Gim, H.B., Casetti-Dinescu, D.I.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 661, L49 (2007)
Liebert, J., Saffer, R.A., Green, E.M.: Astron. J. 107, 1408 (1994)
Liu, T., Janes, K.A.: Astrophys. J. 354, 273 (1990a)
Liu, T., Janes, K.A.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 69, 593 (1990b)
Livio, M., Soker, N.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 571, L161 (2002)
Longmore, A.J., Fernley, J.A., Jameson, R.F., Sherrington, M.R., Frank, J.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 216, 873 (1985)
Longmore, A.J., Fernley, J.A., Jameson, R.F.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 220, 279 (1986)
Longmore, A.J., Dixon, R., Skillen, I., Jameson, R.F., Fernley, J.A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 247, 684 (1990)
Mackey, A.D., Gilmore, G.F.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 343, 747 (2003)
Mackey, A.D., Gilmore, G.F.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 352, 153 (2004a)
Mackey, A.D., Gilmore, G.F.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 355, 504 (2004b)
Mackey, A.D., van den Bergh, S.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 360, 631 (2005)
Mackey, A.D., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 653, L105 (2006)
Maeder, A., Meynet, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 448, L37 (2006)
Majewski, S.R., Skrutskie, M.F., Weinberg, M.D., Ostheimer, J.C.: Astrophys. J. 599, 1082 (2003)
Majewski, S.R., Ostheimer, J.C., Rocha-Pinto, H.J., Patterson, R.J., Guhathakurta, P., Reitzel, D.: Astrophys. J. 615, 738 (2004)
Maraston, C., Greggio, L., Renzini, A., Ortolani, S., Saglia, R.P., Puzia, T.H., Kissler-Patig, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 400, 823 (2003)
Markov, H.S., Spassova, N.M., Baev, P.V.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 326, 102 (2001)
Martin, N.F., Ibata, R.A., Bellazzini, M., Irwin, M.J., Lewis, G.F., Dehnen, W.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 348, 12 (2004)
Martínez-Delgado, D., Gómez-Flechoso, M. Á., Aparicio, A., Carrera, R.: Astrophys. J. 601, 242 (2004)
Matsunaga, N.: In: Kerschbaum, F., Charbonnel, C., Wing, R.F. (eds.) Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars: Their Importance as Actors and Probes. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 378, p. 86. ASP, San Francisco (2007)
Matsunaga, N., : Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 370, 1979 (2006)
Matteucci, F., Molaro, P., Vladilo, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 321, 45 (1997)
Maxted, P.: Astron. Geophys. 45, 524 (2004a)
Maxted, P.: In: Hilditch, R.W., Hensberge, H., Pavlovski, K. (eds.) Spectroscopically and Spatially Resolving the Components of Close Binary Stars. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 318, p. 387. ASP, San Francisco (2004b)
McDonald, I., van Loon, J.Th.: Astron. Astrophys. 476, 1261 (2007)
Meléndez, J.: Astrophys. J. 615, 1042 (2004)
Mengel, J.G., Gross, P.G.: Astrophys. Space Sci. 41, 407 (1976)
Mengel, J.G., Sweigart, A.V.: In: Philip, A.G.D. (ed.) Astrophysical Parameters for Globular Clusters. IAU Colloq., vol. 68, p. 277. Reidel, Dordrecht (1981)
Meza, A., Navarro, J.F., Abadi, M.G., Steinmetz, M.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 359, 93 (2005)
Miceli, A., : Astrophys. J. 678, 865 (2008)
Michaud, G., Vauclair, G., Vauclair, S.: Astrophys. J. 267, 256 (1983)
Michaud, G., Richer, J., Richard, O.: Astrophys. J. 670, 1178 (2007)
Michaud, G., Richer, J., Richard, O.: Astrophys. J. 675, 1223 (2008)
Milone, A.P., : Astrophys. J. 673, 241 (2008)
Minniti, D., Borissova, J., Rejkuba, M., Alves, D.R., Cook, K.H., Freeman, K.C.: Science 301, 1508 (2003)
Mintsev, V.B., Fortov, V.E., Griaznov, V.K.: Zh. ETF 79, 116 (1980)
Mitake, S., Ichimaru, S., Itoh, N.: Astrophys. J. 277, 375 (1984)
Mizerski, T.: In: Kurtz, D.W., Pollard, K.R. (eds.) Variable Stars in the Local Group. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 310, p. 124. ASP, San Francisco (2004)
Moehler, S.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 113, 1162 (2001)
Moehler, S.: In: Zverko, J., Z̆iz̆n̆ovský, J., Adelman, S.J., Weiss, W.W. (eds.) The A-Star Puzzle. IAU Symposium, vol. 224, p. 395. IAU, San Francisco (2004)
Moehler, S., Sweigart, A.V.: Astron. Astrophys. 455, 943 (2006)
Moehler, S., Sweigart, A.V., Catelan, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 351, 519 (1999a)
Moehler, S., Sweigart, A.V., Landsman, W.B., Heber, U., Catelan, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 346, L1 (1999b)
Moehler, S., Sweigart, A.V., Landsman, W.B., Heber, U.: Astron. Astrophys. 360, 120 (2000). Erratum: Astron. Astrophys. 364, 926
Moehler, S., Sweigart, A.V., Landsman, W.B., Dreizler, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 395, 37 (2002)
Moehler, S., Landsman, W.B., Sweigart, A.V., Grundahl, F.: Astron. Astrophys. 405, 135 (2003)
Moehler, S., Sweigart, A.V., Landsman, W.B., Hammer, N.J., Dreizler, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 415, 313 (2004)
Moehler, S., Dreizler, S., Lanz, T., Bono, G., Sweigart, A.V., Calamida, A., Monelli, M., Nonino, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 475, L5 (2007)
Momany, Y., Piotto, G., Recio-Blanco, A., Bedin, L.R., Cassisi, S., Bono, G.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 576, L65 (2002)
Momany, Y., Bedin, L.R., Cassisi, S., Piotto, G., Ortolani, S., Recio-Blanco, A., De Angeli, F., Castelli, F.: Astron. Astrophys. 420, 605 (2004)
Monelli, M., : Astron. J. 126, 218 (2003)
Moni Bidin, C., Moehler, S., Piotto, G., Recio Blanco, A., Momany, Y., Méndez, R.A.: Astron. Astrophys. 451, 499 (2006a)
Moni Bidin, C., Moehler, S., Piotto, G., Momany, Y., Recio Blanco, A., Méndez, R.A.: Preprint. arXiv:astro-ph/0606035 (2006b)
Moni Bidin, C., Catelan, M., Altmann, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 480, L1 (2008)
Mottini, M., Wallerstein, G., McWilliam, A.: Astron. J. 136, 614 (2008)
Nagy, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 339, 440 (1998)
Nemec, J.M.: Ph.D. Thesis, Washington University (1984)
Nemec, J.M.: Astron. J. 90, 204 (1985)
Nemec, J.M.: Astron. J. 127, 2185 (2004)
Newberg, H.J., : Astrophys. J. 569, 245 (2002)
Newberg, H.J., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 596, L191 (2003)
Newberg, H.J., Yanny, B.: In: Monet, A., Seidelmann, K. (eds.) Astrometry in the Age of the Next Generation of Large Telescopes. ASP Conf Ser., p. 210. ASP, San Francisco (2005)
Newell, E.B.: Astrophys. J. 159, 443 (1970)
Newell, E.B.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 26, 37 (1973)
Newell, E.B., Graham, J.A.: Astrophys. J. 204, 804 (1976)
Newell, E.B., Sadler, E.M.: Astrophys. J. 221, 825 (1978)
Newsham, G., Terndrup, D.M.: Astrophys. J. 664, 332 (2007)
Norris, J.: Astrophys. J. 248, 177 (1981)
Norris, J.: Astrophys. J. 272, 245 (1983)
Norris, J.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 313, L65 (1987)
Norris, J.E.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 612, L25 (2004)
Norris, J., Cottrell, P.L., Freeman, K.C., Da Costa, G.S.: Astrophys. J. 244, 205 (1981)
Norris, J., Freeman, K.C., Mighell, K.J.: Astrophys. J. 462, 241 (1996)
O’Connell, R.W.: Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 37, 603 (1999)
Olech, A., Kaluzny, J., Thompson, I.B., Schawzenberg-Czerny, A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 86 (2003)
Oosterhoff, P.T.: Observatory 62, 104 (1939)
Oosterhoff, P.T.: Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth. 10, 55 (1944)
Origlia, L., Ferraro, F.R., Fusi Pecci, F., Rood, R.T.: Astrophys. J. 571, 458 (2002)
Origlia, L., Rood, R.T., Fabbri, S., Ferraro, F.R., Fusi Pecci, F., Rich, R.M.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 667, L85 (2007)
Ortolani, S., Renzini, A., Gilmozzi, R., Marconi, G., Barbuy, B., Bica, E., Rich, R.M.: Nature 377, 701 (1995)
Palma, C., Majewski, S.R., Johnston, K.V.: Astrophys. J. 564, 736 (2002)
Park, J.-H., Lee, Y.-W.: Astrophys. J. 476, 28 (1997)
Percival, S.M., Salaris, M., Cassisi, S., Pietrinferni, A.: Astrophys. J. 690, 427 (2009)
Perryman, M.A.C., : Astron. Astrophys. 323, L49 (1997)
Petersen, J.O.: Astron. Astrophys. 27, 89 (1973)
Peterson, R.C.: Astrophys. J. 258, 499 (1982)
Peterson, R.C.: Astrophys. J. 275, 737 (1983)
Peterson, R.C.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 294, L35 (1985)
Peterson, R.C., Tarbell, T.D., Carney, B.W.: Astrophys. J. 265, 972 (1983)
Peterson, R.C., Rood, R.T., Crocker, D.A.: Astrophys. J. 453, 214 (1995)
Peterson, R.C., Terndrup, D.M., Sadler, E.M., Walker, A.R.: Astrophys. J. 547, 240 (2001)
Peterson, R.C., Carney, B.W., Dorman, B., Green, E.M., Landsman, W., Liebert, J., O’Connell, R.W., Rood, R.T.: Astrophys. J. 588, 299 (2003)
Philip, A.G.D.: In: Adelman, S.J., Upgren, A.R., Adelman, C.J. (eds.) Hot Stars in the Galactic Halo, p. 41. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994)
Pickering, E.C.: Harvard College Observatory Circular 54, 1 (1901)
Pickering, E.C., Bailey, S.I.: Astrophys. J. 2, 321 (1895)
Piersanti, L., Tornambè, A., Castellani, V.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 353, 243 (2004)
Piotto, G.: In: Piotto, G., Meylan, G., Djorgovski, S.G., Riello, M. (eds.) New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 296, p. 263. ASP, San Francisco (2003)
Piotto, G.: Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 79, 334 (2008)
Piotto, G., : In: Rood, R.T., Renzini, A. (eds.) Advances in Stellar Evolution, p. 84. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)
Piotto, G., Zoccali, M., King, I.R., Djorgovski, S.G., Sosin, C., Rich, R.M., Meylan, G.: Astron. J. 118, 1727 (1999)
Piotto, G., : Astron. Astrophys. 391, 945 (2002)
Piotto, G., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 661, L53 (2007)
Popielski, B.L., Dziembowski, W.A., Cassisi, S.: Acta Astron. 50, 491 (2000)
Popowski, P., Gould, A.: Astrophys. J. 506, 259 (1998a)
Popowski, P., Gould, A.: Astrophys. J. 506, 271 (1998b)
Popowski, P., Gould, A.: In: Heck, A., Caputo, F. (eds.) Post-Hipparcos Cosmic Candles, p. 53. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1999)
Potekhin, A.Y.: Astron. Astrophys. 351, 787 (1999)
Potekhin, A.Y., Baiko, D.A., Haensel, P., Yakovlev, D.G.: Astron. Astrophys. 346, 345 (1999)
Prantzos, N., Charbonnel, C.: Astron. Astrophys. 458, 135 (2006)
Preston, G.W.: Astrophys. J. 130, 507 (1959)
Preston, G.W., Schectman, S.A., Beers, T.C.: Astrophys. J. 375, 121 (1991)
Pritchet, C.J., van den Bergh, S.: Astrophys. J. 316, 517 (1987)
Pritzl, B., Smith, H.A., Catelan, M., Sweigart, A.V.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 530, L41 (2000)
Pritzl, B.J., Smith, H.A., Catelan, M., Sweigart, A.V.: Astron. J. 122, 2600 (2001). Erratum: Astron. J. 122, 2600 (2003)
Pritzl, B.J., Armandroff, T.E., Jacoby, G.H., Da Costa, G.S.: Astron. J. 124, 1464 (2002a)
Pritzl, B.J., Smith, H.A., Catelan, M., Sweigart, A.V.: Astron. J. 124, 949 (2002b). Erratum: Astron. J. 125, 2752 (2003)
Pritzl, B.J., Smith, H.A., Stetson, P.B., Catelan, M., Sweigart, A.V., Layden, A.C., Rich, R.M.: Astron. J. 126, 1381 (2003)
Pritzl, B.J., Armandroff, T.E., Jacoby, G.H., Da Costa, G.S.: Astron. J. 129, 2232 (2005a)
Pritzl, B.J., Venn, K.A., Irwin, M.J.: Astron. J. 130, 2140 (2005b)
Proctor, R.N., Forbes, D.A., Beasley, M.A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 355, 1327 (2004)
Raffelt, G.G.: Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics: The Astrophysics of Neutrinos, Axions, and Other Weakly Interacting Particles. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1996)
Raffelt, G.G.: Phys. Rep. 333, 593 (2000)
Raffelt, G.G., Dearborn, D.S.P.: Phys. Rev. D 36, 2211 (1987)
Raffelt, G.G., Weiss, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 264, 536 (1992)
Raimondo, G., Castellani, V., Cassisi, S., Brocato, E., Piotto, G.: Astrophys. J. 569, 975 (2002)
Ramdani, A., Jorissen, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 372, 85 (2001)
Randall, S.K., : Astron. Astrophys. 476, 1317 (2007)
Rathbun, P.G., Smith, H.A.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 109, 1128 (1997)
Recio-Blanco, A., Piotto, G., Aparicio, A., Renzini, A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 572, L71 (2002)
Recio-Blanco, A., Piotto, G., Aparicio, A., Renzini, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 417, 597 (2004)
Recio-Blanco, A., Aparicio, A., Piotto, G., De Angeli, F., Djorgovski, S.G.: Astron. Astrophys. 452, 875 (2006)
Ree, C.H., Yoon, S.-J., Rey, S.-C., Lee, Y.-W.: In: van Leeuwen, F., Hughes, J.D., Piotto, G. (eds.) Omega Centauri, A Unique Window into Astrophysics. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 265, p. 101. ASP, San Francisco (2002)
Reed, M.D., : Astrophys. J. 607, 445 (2004)
Reimers, D.: In: Baschek, B., Kegel, W.H., Traving, G. (eds.) Problems in Stellar Atmospheres and Envelopes, p. 229. Springer, Berlin (1975a)
Reimers, D.: Mem. Soc. R. Liège 6 Sér. 8, 369 (1975b)
Renzini, A.: In: Bouvier, P., Maeder, A. (eds.) Advanced Stages in Stellar Evolution, p. 151. Geneva Observatory, Geneva (1977)
Renzini, A.: Memoire Soc. Astron. Italiana 54, 335 (1983)
Renzini, A., Fusi Pecci, F.: Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 26, 199 (1988)
Rey, S.-C., Yoon, S.-J., Lee, Y.-W., Chaboyer, B., Sarajedini, A.: Astron. J. 122, 3219 (2001)
Rey, S.-C., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 619, L119 (2005)
Rey, S.-C., : Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 173, 643 (2007)
Rich, R.M., Minniti, D., Liebert, J.: Astrophys. J. 406, 489 (1993)
Rich, R.M., : Astrophys. J. 484, L25 (1997)
Rich, R.M., Corsi, C.E., Cacciari, C., Federici, L., Fusi Pecci, F., Djorgovski, S.G., Freedman, W.L.: Astron. J. 129, 2670 (2005)
Rieke, G.H., Lebofsky, M.J.: Astrophys. J. 288, 618 (1985)
Ripepi, V., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 667, L61 (2007)
Ritter, A.: Ann. Phys. Chem. Neue Folge 8, 157 (1879)
Rocha-Pinto, H.J., Majewski, S.R., Skrutskie, M.F., Patterson, R.J., Nakanishi, H., Muñoz, R.R., Sofue, Y.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 640, L147 (2006)
Rood, R.T.: Astrophys. J. 184, 815 (1973)
Rood, R.T.: In: Bedding, T.R., Booth, A.J., Davis, J. (eds.) Fundamental Stellar Properties: The Interaction between Observation and Theory. IAU Symp., vol. 189, p. 363. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1998)
Rood, R.T., Crocker, D.A.: In: Schmidt, E.G. (ed.) IAU Colloq. 111, The Use of Pulsating Stars in Fundamental Problems of Astronomy, p. 218. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1989)
Rood, R.T., Seitzer, P.O.: In: Philip, A.G.D., Hayes, D.S. (eds.) Astrophysical Parameters for Globular Clusters. IAU Colloq., vol. 68, p. 369. L. Davis Press, Schenectady (1981)
Rood, R.T., Whitney, J., D’Cruz, N.: In: Rood, R.T., Renzini, A. (eds.) Advances in Stellar Evolution, p. 74. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)
Rood, R.T., Dorman, B., Ferraro, F.R., Paltrinieri, B., Fusi Pecci, F.: In: Wamsteker, W., Gonzalez, R., Harris, B. (eds.) Ultraviolet Astrophysics beyond the IUE Final Archive, p. 515. ESA, Noordwijk (1998)
Rood, R.T., Beccari, G., Lanzoni, B., Ferraro, F.R., Dalessandro, E., Schiavon, R.P.: Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 79, 383 (2008)
Rosenberg, A., Saviane, I., Piotto, G., Aparicio, A.: Astron. J. 118, 2306 (1999)
Rosenberg, A., Recio-Blanco, A., García-Marín, M.: Astrophys. J. 603, 135 (2004)
Rutledge, G.A., Hesser, J.E., Stetson, P.B.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 109, 907 (1997)
Salaris, M., Cassisi, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 461, 493 (2007)
Salaris, M., Weiss, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 388, 492 (2002)
Salaris, M., Chieffi, A., Straniero, O.: Astrophys. J. 414, 580 (1993)
Salaris, M., Cassisi, S., Weiss, A.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 114, 375 (2002)
Salaris, M., Percival, S., Girardi, L.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 1030 (2003)
Salinas, R., Catelan, M., Smith, H.A., Pritzl, B.J., Borissova, J.: Inf. Bull. Var. Srars (2005, in press)
Salaris, M., Cassisi, S., Pietrinferni, A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 678, L25 (2008)
Sandage, A.: Ricerche Astron. Specola Vaticana 5, 41 (1958)
Sandage, A.: Astrophys. J. 248, 161 (1981)
Sandage, A.: Astrophys. J. 350, 603 (1990)
Sandage, A.: Astron. J. 128, 858 (2004)
Sandage, A.: Astron. J. 131, 1750 (2006)
Sandage, A., Cacciari, C.: Astrophys. J. 350, 645 (1990)
Sandage, A., Katem, B.: Astrophys. J. 153, 569 (1968)
Sandage, A., Wallerstein, G.: Astrophys. J. 131, 598 (1960)
Sandage, A., Wildey, R.: Astrophys. J. 150, 469 (1967)
Sandage, A., Katem, B., Sandage, M.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 46, 41 (1981)
Sarajedini, A., Chaboyer, B., Demarque, P.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 109, 1321 (1997)
Sbordone, L., Bonifacio, P., Marconi, G., Buonanno, R., Zaggia, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 437, 905 (2005a)
Sbordone, L., Bonifacio, P., Marconi, G., Buonanno, R., Zaggia, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 430, L13 (2005b)
Sbordone, L., Bonifacio, P., Buonanno, R., Marconi, G., Monaco, L., Zaggia, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 465, 815 (2007)
Schiavon, R.P., Rose, J.A., Courteau, S., MacArthur, L.A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 608, L33 (2004)
Schlegel, D.J., Finkbeiner, D.P., Davis, M.: Astrophys. J. 500, 525 (1998)
Scholz, R.-D., Odenkirchen, M., Hirte, S., Irwin, M.J., Borngen, F., Ziener, R.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 278, 251 (1996)
Schröder, K.-P., Cuntz, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 465, 593 (2007)
Schuh, S., Huber, J., Dreizler, S., Heber, U., O’Toole, S.J., Green, E.M., Fontaine, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 445, L31 (2006)
Schwarzschild, M.: Harv. Coll. Observ. Circular 437, 1 (1940)
Schwarzschild, M., Härm, R.: Astrophys. J. 136, 158 (1962)
Schwarzschild, M., Härm, R.: Astrophys. J. 160, 341 (1970)
Searle, L., Zinn, R.: Astrophys. J. 225, 357 (1978)
Serenelli, A., Weiss, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 442, 1041 (2005)
Shapley, H.: Astrophys. J. 40, 448 (1914)
Shapley, H.: Contrib. Mt. Wilson Obs., 116 (1915)
Shapley, H.: Astrophys. J. 43, 217 (1916)
Shi, X.: Astrophys. J. 446, 637 (1995)
Siegel, M.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 649, L83 (2006)
Siegel, M., Majewski, S., Catelan, M., Grundahl, F.: Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 195, 131.01 (1999)
Siess, L., Livio, M.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 308, 1133 (1999)
Silbermann, N.A., Smith, H.A., Bolte, M., Hazen, M.L.: Astron. J. 107, 1764 (1994)
Sills, A., Pinsonneault, M.H.: Astrophys. J. 540, 489 (2000)
Silva Aguirre, V., Catelan, M., Weiss, A., Valcarce, A.A.R.: Astron. Astrophys. 489, 1201 (2008)
Sirko, E., : Astron. J. 127, 899 (2004)
Smith, H.A.: RR Lyrae Stars. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Smith, H.A.: Baltic Astron. 6, 89 (1997)
Smith, H.A.: Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 77, 492 (2006)
Smith, G.H., Norris, J.: Astrophys. J. 264, 215 (1983)
Smith, H.A., Wehlau, A.: Astrophys. J. 298, 572 (1985)
Smith, H.A., Silbermann, N.A., Baird, S.R., Graham, J.A.: Astron. J. 104, 1430 (1992)
Smith, H.A., : Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 115, 43 (2003)
Sneden, C., Kraft, R.P., Guhathakurta, P., Peterson, R.C., Fulbright, J.P.: Astron. J. 127, 2162 (2004)
Soker, N.: Astron. J. 116, 1308 (1998)
Soker, N., Hadar, R.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 324, 213 (2001)
Soker, N., Harpaz, A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 317, 861 (2000)
Soker, N., Harpaz, A.: Astrophys. J. 660, 699 (2007)
Soker, N., Rappaport, S., Fregeau, J.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 563, L87 (2001)
Sollima, A., Cacciari, C., Valenti, E.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 372, 1675 (2006)
Sollima, A., Cacciari, C., Arkharov, A.A.H., Larionov, V.M., Gorshanov, D.L., Efimova, N.V., Piersimoni, A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 384, 1583 (2008)
Soszyński, I., : Acta Astron. 52, 369 (2002)
Soszyński, I., : Acta Astron. 53, 93 (2003)
Soszyński, I., Udalski, A., Kubiak, M., Szymański, M., Pietrzyński, G., Żebruń, K., Szewczyk, O., Wyrzykowski, Ł.: Acta Astron. 54, 129 (2004)
Spergel, D.N., : Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 148, 175 (2003)
Spergel, D.N., : Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 170, 377 (2007)
Sterken, C.: In: Sterken, C. (ed.) The Light-Time Effect in Astrophysics. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 335, p. 3. ASP, San Francisco (2005)
Stetson, P.B.: CFHT Bull. 38, 1 (1998) (available at http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/Reference/Bulletin/Bull38/bulleti2.htm)
Stetson, P.B., VandenBerg, D.A., Bolte, M., Hesser, J.E., Smith, G.H.: Astron. J. 97, 1360 (1989)
Stetson, P.B., VandenBerg, D.A., Bolte, M.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 108, 560 (1996)
Stetson, P.B., : Astron. J. 117, 247 (1999)
Stetson, P.B., Catelan, M., Smith, H.A.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 117, 1325 (2005)
Storm, J.: Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 77, 188 (2006)
Stothers, R.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 92, 475 (1980)
Stothers, R.B.: Astrophys. J. 652, 643 (2006)
Stygar, W.A., Gerdin, G.A., Fehl, D.L.: Phys. Rev. E 66, 046417 (2002)
Suda, T., Fujimoto, M.Y.: Astrophys. J. 643, 897 (2006)
Suda, T., Tsujimoto, T., Shigeyama, T., Fujimoto, M.Y.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 671, L129 (2007)
Sumerel, A.N., Corwin, T.M., Catelan, M., Borissova, J., Smith, H.A.: Inf. Bull. Var. Srars 5533, 1 (2004)
Suntzeff, N.B., Kinman, T.D., Kraft, R.P.: Astrophys. J. 367, 528 (1991)
Sweigart, A.V.: In: Philip, A.G.D. (ed.) Horizontal-Branch and UV-Bright Stars, p. 3. L. Davis Press, Schenectady (1985)
Sweigart, A.V.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 65, 95 (1987)
Sweigart, A.V.: In: Cacciari, C., Clementini, G. (eds.) Confrontation between Stellar Pulsation and Evolution. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 11, p. 1. ASP, San Francisco (1990)
Sweigart, A.V.: In: Adelman, S.J., Upgren, A.R., Adelman, C.J. (eds.) Hot Stars in the Galactic Halo, p. 17. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994)
Sweigart, A.V.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 474, L23 (1997a)
Sweigart, A.V.: In: Philip, A.G.D., Liebert, J., Saffer, R.A. (eds.) The Third Conference on Faint Blue Stars, p. 3. Davis, Schenectady (1997b)
Sweigart, A.V.: In: Hubeny, I., Heap, S.R., Cornett, R.H. (eds.) Spectrophotometric Dating of Stars and Galaxies. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 192, p. 239. ASP, San Francisco (1999)
Sweigart, A.V.: In: Rickman, H. (ed.) Highlights of Astronomy 12, p. 292. ASP, San Francisco (2002)
Sweigart, A.V., Catelan, M.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 501, L63 (1998)
Sweigart, A.V., Gross, P.G.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 32, 367 (1976)
Sweigart, A.V., Gross, P.G.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 36, 405 (1978)
Sweigart, A.V., Renzini, A.: Astron. Astrophys. 71, 66 (1979)
Sweigart, A.V., Renzini, A., Tornambè, A.: Astrophys. J. 312, 762 (1987)
Szeidl, B., Kolláth, Z.: In: Szabados, L., Kurtz, D.W. (eds.) The Impact of Large-Scale Surveys on Pulsating Star Research. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 203, p. 281. ASP, San Francisco (2000)
Székely, P., Kiss, L.L., Csák, B., Derekas, A., Bedding, T.R., Szatmáry, K.: Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana 77, 346 (2006)
Tautvaišienė, G., Wallerstein, G., Geisler, D., Gonzalez, G., Charbonnel, C.: Astron. J. 127, 373 (2004)
Tegmark, M., : Phys. Rev. D 69, 103501 (2004)
Tegmark, M., : Phys. Rev. D 74, 123507 (2006)
ten Bruggencate, P.: Sternhaufen. Springer, Berlin (1927)
Terndrup, D.M., Peterson, R.C., Sadler, E.M., Walker, A.R.: In: Whitelock, P., Cannon, R. (eds.) The Stellar Content of Local Group Galaxies. IAU Symp., vol. 192, p. 395. IAU, San Francisco (1999)
Terndrup, D.M., An, D., Hansen, A., Peterson, R.C., Walker, A.R., Sadler, E.M.: Astrophys. Space Sci. 291, 247 (2004)
Thom, C., : Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 360, 354 (2005)
Thomas, H.-C.: Z. Astrophys. 67, 420 (1967)
Tsujimoto, T., Shigeyama, T., Suda, T.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 654, L139 (2007)
Valcarce, A.A.R., Catelan, M.: Astron. Astrophys. 487, 185 (2008)
van Albada, T.S., Baker, N.: Astrophys. J. 169, 311 (1971)
van Altena, W.F., Lee, J.T., Hoffleit, E.D.: Yale Parallax Catalog, 4th edn. Yale Univ. Obs., New Haven (1995)
van den Bergh, S.: Astron. J. 72, 70 (1967)
van den Bergh, S.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 262, 588 (1993)
van den Bergh, S.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 505, L127 (1998)
van den Bergh, S.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 112, 529 (2000)
van den Bergh, S., Mackey, A.D.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 354, 713 (2004)
Van Grootel, V., Charpinet, S., Fontaine, G., Brassard, P.: Astron. Astrophys. 483, 875 (2008)
van Leeuwen, F.: Hipparcos, the New Reduction of the Raw Data. Springer, Dordrecht (2007)
VandenBerg, D.A.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 129, 315 (2000)
VandenBerg, D.A., Smith, G.H.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 100, 314 (1988)
Venn, K.A., Irwin, M., Shetrone, M.D., Tout, C.A., Hill, V., Tolstoy, E.: Astron. J. 128, 1177 (2004)
Vilardel, F., Jordi, C., Ribas, I.: Astron. Astrophys. 473, 847 (2007)
Vink, J.S., Cassisi, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 392, 553 (2002)
Vivas, A.K., Zinn, R.: MmSAIt 74, 928 (2003)
Vivas, A.K., Zinn, R.: Astron. J. 132, 714 (2006)
Vivas, A.K., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 554, L33 (2001)
Vivas, A.K., : Astron. J. 127, 1158 (2004)
Walker, A.R.: Astron. J. 103, 1166 (1992a)
Walker, A.R.: Astron. J. 104, 1395 (1992b)
Walker, A.R.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 390, L81 (1992c)
Walker, A.R.: Astron. J. 116, 220 (1998)
Walker, A.R.: In: Szabados, L., Kurtz, D.W. (eds.) The Impact of Large-Scale Surveys on Pulsating Star Research. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 203, p. 165. ASP, San Francisco (2000)
Walker, A.R., Nemec, J.M.: Astron. J. 112, 2026 (1996)
Wallerstein, G.: Astrophys. J. 160, 345 (1970)
Wehlau, A.: Astron. J. 99, 250 (1990)
Welsh, B.Y., : Astron. J. 130, 825 (2005)
Wheatley, J.M., : Astrophys. J. Lett. 619, L123 (2005)
Whitney, J.H., : Astrophys. J. 495, 284 (1998)
Wickett, A.J.: In: Spiegel, E.A., Zahn, J.P. (eds.) Problems in Stellar Convection, p. 284. Springer, Berlin (1977)
Wilhelm, R., Beers, T.C., Kriessler, J.R., Pier, J.R., Sommer-Larsen, J., Layden, A.C.: In: Morrison, H., Sarajedini, A. (eds.) Formation of the Galactic Halo…. Inside and Out. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 92, p. 171. ASP, San Francisco (1996)
Williams, B.F.: Astron. J. 129, 2663 (2005)
Willson, L.A.: In: Stalio, R., Willson, L.A. (eds.) Pulsation and Mass Loss in Stars, p. 285. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1988)
Willson, L.A.: Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 38, 573 (2000)
Willson, L.A., Bowen, G.H.: Nature 312, 429 (1984)
Xiong, D.R., Cheng, Q.L., Deng, L.: Astrophys. J. 500, 449 (1998)
Yamada, S., Okazaki, A.T., Fujimoto, M.Y.: Astrophys. J. 678, 922 (2008)
Yi, S., Demarque, P., Kim, Y.-C.: Astrophys. J. 482, 677 (1997)
Yi, S., Lee, Y.-W., Woo, J.-H., Park, J.-H., Demarque, P., Oemler, Jr.: A.:. Astrophys. J. 513, 128 (1999)
Yong, D., Grundahl, F.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 672, L29 (2008)
Yoon, S.-J., Lee, Y.-W.: Science 297, 578 (2002)
Yoon, S.-J., Joo, S.-J., Ree, C.H., Han, S.-L., Kim, D.-G., Lee, Y.-W.: Astrophys. J. 677, 1080 (2008)
Zaritsky, D.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 614, L37 (2004)
Zinn, R.: In: Norman, C.A., Renzini, A., Tosi, M. (eds.) Stellar Populations, p. 73. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1986)
Zinn, R.: In: Smith, G.H., Brodie, J.P. (eds.) The Globular Cluster-Galaxy Connection. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 48, p. 38. ASP, San Francisco (1993a)
Zinn, R.: In: Smith, G.H., Brodie, J.P. (eds.) The Globular Cluster-Galaxy Connection. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 48, p. 302. ASP, San Francisco (1993b)
Zinn, R., West, M.J.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 55, 45 (1984)
Zinn, R., Vivas, A.K., Gallart, C., Winnick, R.: In: Prada, F., Martí, D. (eds.) Satellites and Tidal Streams. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 327, p. 92. ASP, San Francisco (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
M. Catelan is John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Catelan, M. Horizontal branch stars: the interplay between observations and theory, and insights into the formation of the Galaxy. Astrophys Space Sci 320, 261–309 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-009-9987-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-009-9987-8