Abstract
This is a study to evaluate the soil-structure interaction effect on the seismic response of setback steel buildings in a probabilistic framework. A group of ten-story steel buildings with different setback ratios was analyzed under simultaneous action of two orthogonal earthquake ground motions. The soil-foundation system was modeled by using the beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation approach. The structural performance of flexible-base steel moment frames was evaluated from the elastic range of behavior to the inelastic region and up to the global instability of the structures by using incremental dynamic analysis. The soil-structure interaction effect was assessed on the probabilistic seismic performance of setback buildings by evaluating the limit-state capacities, performance-based ductility factors, mean annual frequencies of exceeding performance limit states and confidence levels to meet performance objectives. Results show that soil-structure interaction reduces the structural seismic capacities, ductile deformation and life-safety confidence level. On the other hand, soil-structure interaction increases the drift demand and exceeding the annual frequencies from a limit state. Meanwhile, soil-structure interaction shows a beneficial role in moderating the reduction rate of the structural seismic capacity of flexible-base setback buildings compared to that of the regular structure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Álamo GM, Padrón LA, Aznárez JJ, Maeso O (2015) Structure–soil–structure interaction effects on the dynamic response of piled structures under obliquely incident seismic shear waves. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 78:142–153. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.07.013
ASCE41-13 (2014) Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings (ASCE/SEI 41-13). Am Soc Civil Eng. doi:10.1061/9780784412855
ASCE7-10 (2010) Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures (ASCE/SEI 7-10). Am Soc Civil Eng Reston VA. doi:10.1061/9780784412916
Bazzurro P, Cornell CA (1994a) Seismic hazard analysis of nonlinear structures. I: methodology. J Struct Eng 120:3320–3344. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:11(3320)
Bazzurro P, Cornell CA (1994b) Seismic hazard analysis of nonlinear structures. II: applications. J Struct Eng 120:3345–3365. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:11(3345)
Behnamfar F, Banizadeh M (2016) Effects of soil–structure interaction on distribution of seismic vulnerability in RC structures. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 80:73–86. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.10.007
BHRC (2005) Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings (Standard 2800), 3rd edn. Building and Housing Research Centre, Tehran
BHRC (2014) Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings (Standard 2800), 4th edn. Building and Housing Research Centre, Tehran
Boulanger R (2000) The PySimple1, TzSimple1, and QzSimple1 material models, documentation for the OpenSees platform. http://opensees.berkeley.edu/
Boulanger RW, Curras CJ, Kutter BL, Wilson DW, Abghari A (1999) Seismic soil-pile-structure interaction experiments and analyses. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 125:750–759. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:9(750)
Charney FA (2008) Unintended consequences of modeling damping in structures. J Struct Eng 134:581–592. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:4(581)
Chopra AK (2007) Dynamics of structures: theory and applications to earthquake engineering. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Cornell CA, Jalayer F, Hamburger RO, Foutch DA (2002) Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines. J Struct Eng 128:526–533. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526)
Das BM (2015) Principles of foundation engineering. 8th edn. Cengage learning, USA
Duan XN, Chandler AM (1995) Seismic torsional response and design procedures for a class of setback frame buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 24:761–777. doi:10.1002/eqe.4290240511
EC8 (2005) Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance-part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings
FEMA (2000a) Recommended seismic design criteria for new steel moment-frame buildings (FEMA 350). Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Washington
FEMA (2000b) Recommended seismic evaluation and upgrade criteria for existing welded steel moment-frame buildings (FEMA 351). Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Washington
FEMA (2000c) State of the art report on system performance of moment resisting steel frames subjected to earthquake ground shaking (FEMA 355C). Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Washington
Gajan S, Raychowdhury P, Hutchinson TC, Kutter BL, Stewart JP (2010) Application and validation of practical tools for nonlinear soil-foundation interaction analysis. Earthq Spectra 26:111–129. doi:10.1193/1.3263242
Hall JF (2006) Problems encountered from the use (or misuse) of Rayleigh damping. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 35:525–545. doi:10.1002/eqe.541
Hamburger RO, Krawinkler H, Malley JO, Adan SM (2009) Seismic design of steel special moment frames: a guide for practicing engineers. National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
Harden CW, Hutchinson TC, Martin GR, Kutter BL (2005) Numerical modeling of the nonlinear cyclic response of shallow foundations. Technical report 2005/04, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER)
Hokmabadi AS, Fatahi B, Samali B (2014) Assessment of soil–pile–structure interaction influencing seismic response of mid-rise buildings sitting on floating pile foundations. Comput Geotech 55:172–186. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.08.011
Ibarra LF, Krawinkler H (2005) Global collapse of frame structures under seismic excitations. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center
IBNC (2014a) Iranian national building code, Part 6—loads for buildings. Institute of Building National Code
IBNC (2014b) Iranian national building code, Part 7—foundation design. Institute of Building National Code
IBNC (2014c) Iranian national building code, part 10—steel design. Institute of Building National Code
Jafari MK (1999) Seismic microzonation of North of Tehran from the viewpoint of site conditions. International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (in Farsi)
Jafari MK (2002) Supplementary studies of Seismic microzonation of South of Tehran. International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (in Farsi)
Jalayer F, Cornell CA (2003) A technical framework for probability-based demand and capacity factor design (DCFD) seismic formats. PEER-2003/08, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Berkeley: University of California
Jalayer F, Cornell CA (2004) A technical framework for probability-based demand and capacity factor design (DCFD) seismic formats. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center
Jalayer F, Cornell CA (2009) Alternative non-linear demand estimation methods for probability-based seismic assessments. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 38:951–972. doi:10.1002/eqe.876
Karapetrou ST, Fotopoulou SD, Pitilakis KD (2015) Seismic vulnerability assessment of high-rise non-ductile RC buildings considering soil–structure interaction effects. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 73:42–57. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.02.016
Karavasilis TL, Bazeos N, Beskos DE (2008a) Estimation of seismic inelastic deformation demands in plane steel MRF with vertical mass irregularities. Eng Struct 30:3265–3275. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.05.005
Karavasilis TL, Bazeos N, Beskos DE (2008b) Seismic response of plane steel MRF with setbacks: estimation of inelastic deformation demands. J Constr Steel Res 64:644–654. doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.12.002
Kostinakis K, Athanatopoulou A (2016) Incremental dynamic analysis applied to assessment of structure-specific earthquake IMs in 3D R/C buildings. Eng Struct 125:300–312. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.007
Lignos DG, Krawinkler H (2009) Sidesway collapse of deteriorating structural systems under seismic excitations. The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford
Lignos DG, Krawinkler H (2011) Deterioration modeling of steel components in support of collapse prediction of steel moment frames under earthquake loading. J Struct Eng 137:1291–1302. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000376
Lignos DG, Krawinkler H, Whittaker AS (2011) Prediction and validation of sidesway collapse of two scale models of a 4 story steel moment frame. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 40:807–825. doi:10.1002/eqe.1061
Mazzoni S, McKenna F, Scott MH, Fenves GL (2006) OpenSees command language manual. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center
PEER Ground Motion Database. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/
Petrini L, Maggi C, Priestley MJN, Calvi GM (2008) Experimental verification of viscous damping modeling for inelastic time history analyzes. J Earthq Eng 12:125–145. doi:10.1080/13632460801925822
Raychowdhury P (2009) Effect of soil parameter uncertainty on seismic demand of low-rise steel buildings on dense silty sand. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29:1367–1378. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.03.004
Raychowdhury P (2011) Seismic response of low-rise steel moment-resisting frame (SMRF) buildings incorporating nonlinear soil–structure interaction (SSI). Eng Struct 33:958–967. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.017
Raychowdhury P, Hutchinson TC (2009) Performance evaluation of a nonlinear Winkler-based shallow foundation model using centrifuge test results. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 38:679–698. doi:10.1002/eqe.902
Raychowdhury P, Ray-Chaudhuri S (2015) Seismic response of nonstructural components supported by a 4-story SMRF: effect of nonlinear soil–structure interaction. Structures 3:200–210. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2015.04.006
Sáez E, Lopez-Caballero F, Modaressi-Farahmand-Razavi A (2013) Inelastic dynamic soil–structure interaction effects on moment-resisting frame buildings. Eng Struct 51:166–177. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.020
Shahrooz BM, Moehle JP (1987) Experimental study of seismic response of RC setback buildings. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of California, Springfield, VA. Available from the National Technical Information Service
Shahrooz BM, Moehle JP (1990) Seismic response and design of setback buildings. J Struct Eng 116:1423–1439. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:5(1423)
Shakib H, Pirizadeh M (2014) Probabilistic seismic performance assessment of setback buildings under bidirectional excitation. J Struct Eng 140:04013061. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000835
Terzaghi K (1943) Theoretical soil mechanics. Wiley, New York
UBC (1997) Uniform building code. International conference building officials
Vamvatsikos D, Cornell CA (2002) Incremental dynamic analysis. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31:491–514. doi:10.1002/eqe.141
Venanzi I, Salciarini D, Tamagnini C (2014) The effect of soil–foundation–structure interaction on the wind-induced response of tall buildings. Eng Struct 79:117–130. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.08.002
Venture NCJ (2011) Selecting and scaling earthquake ground motions for performing response-history analyses. NIST GCR:11-917
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shakib, H., Homaei, F. Probabilistic seismic performance assessment of the soil-structure interaction effect on seismic response of mid-rise setback steel buildings. Bull Earthquake Eng 15, 2827–2851 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0087-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0087-9