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Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats?

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Abstract

Ageing of the brain is accompanied by variable degrees of cognitive decline. Estrogens have profound effects on brain ageing by exerting neurotrophic and neuroprotective types of action. Furthermore, exercise has also been claimed to play a role in the non-pharmacological prevention of psycho-neuronal decline with ageing. In the present study the question was asked whether chronic physical exercise might substitute the action of estrogens in aged rats. We compared the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment and long-term moderate physical exercise in ageing (15 months, early stage of ageing) and old (27 months) female rats, on cognitive functions and the relevant intracellular molecular signaling pathways in the hippocampus. Results showed that both treatments improved attention and memory functions of the 15 months old rats. Like E2, physical training enhanced the level of brain derived nerve growth factor and the activation of PKA/Akt/CREB and MAPK/CREB pathways. The treatments also enhanced the levels of synaptic molecules synaptophysin and synapsin I, which could explain the improved cognitive functions. In the 27 months old rats the behavioral and molecular effects of E2 were indistinguishable from those found in the 15 months old animals but the effects of physical exercise in most of the measures proved to be practically ineffective. It is concluded that the effectiveness of regular and moderate intensity physical exercise is age-dependent while the action of E2 treatment is comparable between the ageing and old female rats on maintaining cognition and its underlying molecular mechanisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Sport Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1123 Alkotás u. 44, Budapest, Hungary

    Krisztina Marosi, Zsolt Radák & Csaba Nyakas

  2. Brain Physiology Research Unit, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Klára Felszeghy & Csaba Nyakas

  3. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Raj D. Mehra

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  1. Krisztina Marosi
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  2. Klára Felszeghy
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  3. Raj D. Mehra
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  4. Zsolt Radák
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  5. Csaba Nyakas
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Correspondence to Csaba Nyakas.

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Marosi, K., Felszeghy, K., Mehra, R.D. et al. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats?. Biogerontology 13, 413–427 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-012-9386-3

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