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Predicting spatial occurrence of beetles and pseudoscorpions in hollow oaks in southeastern Sweden

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Abstract

We modelled presence/absence per tree of beetles and pseudoscorpions living in tree hollows in relation to trunk circumference, habitat openness, and connectivity (= density of hollow oaks in the surrounding area), using data from 281 oaks. The presence/absence models were then used to predict species’ occurrences in a county (11,600 km2) in southeastern Sweden. For eight of the nine species, the most parsimonious occupancy model included a positive relationship with connectivity and at least one tree characteristic. Occupancy underestimates from occurrence records—the ratio of the area of occupancy based on our predictive model to the area of occupancy based on occurrence records—varied between 3 and 83 among species when using occurrence records up to 1993, with significantly larger underestimates for smaller beetle species. Today (after extensive surveys), underestimation has decreased to 1.3–25, confirming that calculations solely based on species occurrence records greatly underestimate the area of occupancy. We suggest this should be taken into account to a greater extent and in a clearer way than today when constructing red lists. The radius of the connectivity measure that generated the best fit varied between 135 and 2,857 m among species, with longer distances for more threatened species. Consequently, preservation of the most threatened species (Elater ferrugineus and Tenebrio opacus) requires conservation efforts at larger spatial scales than required to protect Osmoderma eremita, which frequently has been used as an indicator and umbrella species.

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Acknowledgments

Rickard Andersson (previously Baranowski), Per Wilander and Stanislav Snäll helped us with identification of beetle and pseudoscorpion species. The Swedish Species Information Centre provided data on species observations and The County Administration Board of Östergötland inventory data on hollow trees. The work was funded by Formas grant 2006-232 to TR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Thomas Ranius & Victor Johansson

  2. Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Lenore Fahrig

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  1. Thomas Ranius
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  2. Victor Johansson
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  3. Lenore Fahrig
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Correspondence to Thomas Ranius.

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Ranius, T., Johansson, V. & Fahrig, L. Predicting spatial occurrence of beetles and pseudoscorpions in hollow oaks in southeastern Sweden. Biodivers Conserv 20, 2027–2040 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0072-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0072-6

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