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Do the Predictors of Child Conduct Problems Vary by High- and Low-Levels of Socioeconomic and Neighborhood Risk?

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Abstract

This review seeks to examine whether the existing literature on child conduct problems (CP) supports the notion that certain CP risk factors vary in their importance across disadvantaged and better-off environments. Disadvantaged environments are represented by socioeconomic and/or neighborhood risk (SN risk) in this review. Three types of studies were reviewed: behavioral genetic studies that compare the importance of genetic and environmental influences on CP for youth from poor homes and/or disadvantaged communities versus youth from better-off contexts, studies that examine how SN risk and other CP risk factors interact, and studies that compare the antecedents for CP across levels of SN risk. Findings were inconsistent about the manner in which individual child risk factors interact with SN risk. However, familial risk factors were generally found to be of greater importance for youth from poor families and disadvantaged communities, particularly parental supervision. Most of the studies that indicated otherwise focused on physical discipline, or were limited to children from disadvantaged and extremely deprived environments. The findings suggest that in extremely deprived environments, familial influences are overwhelmed by the pervasiveness of other CP risk factors such as deviant peers. Implications for intervention and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Notes

  1. There were really six behavioral genetic studies in multiple contexts, but two studies were based on the same data. Findings from the study conducted by Cadoret, Troughton, Bagford, and Woodworth (1990) were re-reported in a second paper by Cadoret and Stewart (1991).

  2. There were really 23 studies that examined how SN risk and individual risk factors interact, but findings from the study by Dabbs and Morris (1990) were re-reported in a second paper by Dabbs, Hopper, and Jurkovic (1990). Also, findings from the study by Rosenberg and Rosenberg (1978) were re-reported in a second paper by Rosenberg, Schooler, and Schoenbach (1989).

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Acknowledgment

The first author was supported by NIMH Grant, T32 MH015169, during the preparation of this manuscript.

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  1. Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Michael A. Schonberg

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Daniel S. Shaw

  3. Youth & Family Research Program, 200 Meyran Ave., Room 412, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Michael A. Schonberg

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Schonberg, M.A., Shaw, D.S. Do the Predictors of Child Conduct Problems Vary by High- and Low-Levels of Socioeconomic and Neighborhood Risk?. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 10, 101–136 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-007-0018-4

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