Abstract
Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities. It is described as a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity. It affects relatively about 7–10 % of the population across most languages and cultures. In this study, we explore the potential benefits offered by the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support dyslexic students by considering their preferred learning styles. In the current paper we administered the VAK and Honey & Mumford questionnaires to 28 Arabic students with ages between 8 and 10 years old. 8 students from dyslexic group and 20 students from control group were selected to assess and compare their preferred learning style. The implemented system focuses on dyslexia in Arabic language, especially in Arabic countries such as Morocco. Based on the results of the analysis of learning styles differences, we introduced an adaptive mobile learning to support and promote learning for dyslexic students. The aim of the study is to consider the relationship between dyslexia and learning style and to suggest a different learning way. Preliminary results show that the ICT has a valuable role in providing opportunities for learners with dyslexia to participate more fully in education.
References
Abdennur, A. (1999). Cultural background and the epistemic orientation of university students: An exploratory study. Canada: (Thesis). University of Ottawa Retrieved from http://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/8776.
Andarab, M. S., & Rouhi, A. (2014). Let’s replace words with pictures: the role of pictures and spatial intelligence in learning English idioms. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(2), 244.
Association B. D. (2013). Dyslexia style guide, January 2012. URL: http://Www. Bdadyslexia. Org. Uk.
Ayres, P. (2015). State-of-the-art research into multimedia learning: a commentary on Mayer’s handbook of multimedia learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29(4), 631–636. doi:10.1002/acp.3142.
Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255(5044), 556–559. doi:10.1126/science.1736359.
Blustein, D. (2013). The psychology of working: a new perspective for career development, counseling, and public policy. Routledge.
Clark, J. M., & Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education. Educational Psychology Review, 3(3), 149–210. doi:10.1007/BF01320076.
Cohen, L., Dehaene, S., Naccache, L., Lehéricy, S., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Hénaff, M.-A., & Michel, F. (2000). The visual word form area. Brain, 123(2), 291–307. doi:10.1093/brain/123.2.291.
Drigas, A., Kokkalia, G., & Lytras, M. D. (2015). ICT and collaborative co-learning in preschool children who face memory difficulties. Computers in Human Behavior, 51(Part B), 645–651. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.019.
Dunn, R. (2000). Learning styles: theory, research, and practice. In National Forum of Applied Educational Research Journal, 13, 3–22.
Elbeheri, G., Everatt, J., Reid, G., Mannai, H., et al. (2006). Dyslexia assessment in Arabic. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 6(3), 143–152. doi:10.1111/j.1471-3802.2006.00072.x.
Exley, S. (2003). The effectiveness of teaching strategies for students with dyslexia based on their preferred learning styles. British Journal of Special Education, 30(4), 213–220. doi:10.1111/j.0952-3383.2003.00313.x.
Felder, R. M., & Silverman, L. K. (1988). Learning and teaching styles in engineering education. Engineering Education, 78(7), 674–681.
Fleming, N. D., & Mills, C. (1992). Not another inventory, rather a catalyst for reflection.
Honey, P., & Mumford, A. (1992). The manual of learning styles.
Hooper, S. R., & Willis, W. G. (2013). Learning disability subtyping: neuropsychological foundations, conceptual models, and issues in clinical differentiation. Springer Science & Business Media.
Ismaili, J., & Ibrahimi, E. H. O. (2016). Mobile learning as alternative to assistive technology devices for special needs students. Education and Information Technologies, 1–17. doi:10.1007/s10639-015-9462-9.
Johnson, R., & Hegarty, J. R. (2003). Websites as educational motivators for adults with learning disability. British Journal of Educational Technology, 34(4), 479–486. doi:10.1111/1467-8535.00344.
Kalyvioti, K., & Mikropoulos, T. A. (2014). Virtual environments and dyslexia: a literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 27, 138–147. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.02.017.
Kazakou, M., Soulis, S., Morfidi, E., & Mikropoulos, T. A. (2011). Phonological awareness software for dyslexic children. Themes in Science and Technology Education, 4(1), 33–51.
Keefe, J. W. (1979). Learning style: an overview. Student Learning Styles: Diagnosing and Prescribing Programs, 1, 1–17.
Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(2), 193–212. doi:10.5465/AMLE.2005.17268566.
Kronbichler, M., Hutzler, F., Staffen, W., Mair, A., Ladurner, G., & Wimmer, H. (2006). Evidence for a dysfunction of left posterior reading areas in German dyslexic readers. Neuropsychologia, 44(10), 1822–1832. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.03.010.
Lowyck, J. (2014). Bridging learning theories and technology-enhanced environments: A critical appraisal of its history. In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 3–20). Springer.
Madeira, J., Silva, C., Marcelino, L., & Ferreira, P. (2015). Assistive mobile applications for dyslexia. Procedia Computer Science, 64, 417–424. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.535.
Mayer, R. E. (1996). Learning strategies for making sense out of expository text: the SOI model for guiding three cognitive processes in knowledge construction. Educational Psychology Review, 8(4), 357–371. doi:10.1007/BF01463939.
Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning. Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2002a). Aids to computer-based multimedia learning. Learning and Instruction, 12(1), 107–119. doi:10.1016/S0959-4752(01)00018-4.
Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2002b). Animation as an aid to multimedia learning. Educational Psychology Review, 14(1), 87–99. doi:10.1023/A:1013184611077.
Mortimore, T. (2005). Dyslexia and learning style – a note of caution. British Journal of Special Education, 32(3), 145–148. doi:10.1111/j.0952-3383.2005.00387.x.
Myers-Briggs, I. (1962). Manual for the Myers-Briggs type indicator. Princeton, New Jersey: Educational Testing Service.
Nurrenbern, S. C. (2001). Piaget’s theory of intellectual development revisited. Journal of Chemical Education, 78(8), 1107.
Peterson, R. L., & Pennington, B. F. (2012). Developmental dyslexia. The Lancet, 379(9830), 1997–2007. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (12)60198-6.
Price, C. J., & Devlin, J. T. (2011). The interactive account of ventral occipitotemporal contributions to reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(6), 246–253. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.04.001.
Price, C. J., & Mechelli, A. (2005). Reading and reading disturbance. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15(2), 231–238. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.003.
Rahman, F. A., Mokhtar, F., Alias, N. A., & Saleh, R. (2012). Multimedia elements as instructions for dyslexic children. International Journal of Education and Information Technologies, 6(2), 193–200.
Rello, L., Kanvinde, G., & Baeza-Yates, R. (2012). A mobile application for displaying more accessible eBooks for people with dyslexia. Procedia Computer Science, 14, 226–233. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2012.10.026.
Reynolds, C. R., Kaltsounis, B., & Torrance, E. P. (1979). A Children’s form of your style of learning and thinking: preliminary norms and technical data. The Gifted Child Quarterly, 23(4), 757–767. doi:10.1177/001698627902300407.
Riccio, C. A., & Hynd, G. W. (1996). Neuroanatomical and neurophysiological aspects of dyslexia. Topics in Language Disorders, 16(2), 1–13.
Richlan, F. (2012). Developmental dyslexia: dysfunction of a left hemisphere reading network. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00120.
Rose, F. D., Brooks, B. M., & Attree, E. A. (2002). An exploratory investigation into the usability and usefulness of training people with learning disabilities in a virtual environment. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24(11–12), 627–633. doi:10.1080/09638280110111405.
Shaw, R., Grayson, A., & Lewis, V. (2005). Inhibition, ADHD, and computer games: the inhibitory performance of children with ADHD on computerized tasks and games. Journal of Attention Disorders, 8(4), 160–168. doi:10.1177/1087054705278771.
Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S. E., Pugh, K. R., Mencl, W. E., Fulbright, R. K., Skudlarski, P., & Gore, J. C. (2002). Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biological Psychiatry, 52(2), 101–110. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01365-3.
Skiada, R., Soroniati, E., Gardeli, A., & Zissis, D. (2014). EasyLexia: a mobile application for children with learning difficulties. Procedia Computer Science, 27, 218–228. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.02.025.
Stienen-Durand, S., & George, J. (2014). Supporting dyslexia in the programming classroom. Procedia Computer Science, 27, 419–430. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.02.046.
Velasco, C., Weber, G., Barroso, J., Mohamad, Y., Paredes, H., Avelar, L. O., & de Freire, A. P. (2015). Proceedings of the 6th international conference on software development and technologies for enhancing accessibility and fighting info-exclusionWebHelpDyslexia: a browser extension to adapt web content for people with dyslexia. Procedia Computer Science, 67, 150–159. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.259.
Woodfine, B. P., Nunes, M. B., & Wright, D. J. (2008). Text-based synchronous e-learning and dyslexia: not necessarily the perfect match! Computers & Education, 50(3), 703–717. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.08.010.
Zikl, P., Bartošová, I. K., Víšková, K. J., Havlíčková, K., Kučírková, A., Navrátilová, J., & Zetková, B. (2015). The possibilities of ICT use for compensation of difficulties with reading in pupils with dyslexia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 915–922. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.558.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Speech-Language Pathology service-Health center, El Jadida and Speech Therapy center Verdun, Casablanca, Morocco.
We would like to thank the manager of speech and language sector Sara Haie (Faculty of Health Science International University of Casablanca, Morocco) for her valuable suggestions and recommendations. The authors would also like to acknowledge the president and staff at Speech Therapy center Verdun, Casablanca and the Speech-Language Pathology service-Health center, El Jadida Morocco and also the teachers, the students, and their parents who have participated in this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Benmarrakchi, F., El Kafi, J., Elhore, A. et al. Exploring the use of the ICT in supporting dyslexic students’ preferred learning styles : A preliminary evaluation. Educ Inf Technol 22, 2939–2957 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-016-9551-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-016-9551-4