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Effect of iron stress on Withania somnifera L.: antioxidant enzyme response and nutrient elemental uptake of in vitro grown plants

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In the present study the response of antioxidant enzyme activities and the level of expression of their corresponding genes on bioaccumulation of iron (Fe) were investigated. In vitro germinated Withania somnifera L. were grown in Murashige and Skoog’s liquid medium with increasing concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM) of FeSO4 for 7 and 14 days. Root and leaf tissues analyzed for catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7), have shown an increase in content with respect to exposure time. Isoforms of CAT, SOD and GPX were separated using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and observed that the isoenzymes were greatly affected by higher concentrations of Fe. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis performed by taking three pairs of genes of CAT (RsCat, Catalase1, Cat1) and SOD (SodCp, TaSOD1.2, MnSOD) to find out the differential expression of antioxidant genes under Fe excess. RsCat from CAT and MnSOD from SOD have exhibited high levels of gene expression under Fe stress, which was consistent with the changes of the activity assayed in solution after 7 days of treatment. Analysis by proton induced X-ray emission exhibited an increasing uptake of Fe in plants by suppressing and expressing of other nutrient elements. The results of the present study suggest that higher concentration of Fe causes disturbance in nutrient balance and induces oxidative stress in plant.

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Acknowledgments

The authors like to thank the Director, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar for providing ion beam laboratory to study the metal analysis by PIXE. This work is financially supported by UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata, India (Grant No. UGC-DAE-CSR-KC/CRS/2009/TE-01/1539), SAP-DRS Programme of UGC, New Delhi and Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India

    Jyoti Ranjan Rout & Santi Lata Sahoo

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India

    Sadhana Behera & Nitin Keshari

  3. UGC-DAE Consortium of Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Bidhan Nagar, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700098, India

    Shidharth Sankar Ram, Subhajit Bhar, Anindita Chakraborty & Mathummal Sudarshan

  4. Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, 67/68, IID Centre, Bidya Vihar, Barunei Hills, Khurda, 752057, Odisha, India

    Jyoti Ranjan Rout

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Rout, J.R., Behera, S., Keshari, N. et al. Effect of iron stress on Withania somnifera L.: antioxidant enzyme response and nutrient elemental uptake of in vitro grown plants. Ecotoxicology 24, 401–413 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1389-1

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