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A novel liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of naphthalene by GC-MS with deuterated anthracene as internal standard

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are known for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on human health. This therefore calls for the regulation of their concentrations in air, water, and soil. Naphthalene as the simplest in structure of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is mainly used as a starter material for other chemicals but also has impacts on human health. A method is therefore proposed for the determination of naphthalene in water samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after liquid-liquid extraction. The extraction method was optimized to improve the extraction output, thereby lowering the limit of detection. The limits of detection and quantification obtained for naphthalene were 4.4 and 14.6 ng mL−1, respectively. Deuterated anthracene was used as internal standard to enhance the precision of the method, for which a relative standard deviation of 4.3% was obtained. The percent recovery of naphthalene obtained from tap water was ranged between 93.8 and 102.2.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Yildiz Technical University for supporting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey

    Sezin Erarpat, Gözde Özzeybek, Dotse Selali Chormey, Fatih Erulaş, Fatma Turak & Sezgin Bakırdere

  2. Faculty of Education, Department of Science Education, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey

    Fatih Erulaş

Authors
  1. Sezin Erarpat
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  2. Gözde Özzeybek
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  3. Dotse Selali Chormey
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  4. Fatih Erulaş
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  5. Fatma Turak
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  6. Sezgin Bakırdere
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sezgin Bakırdere.

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Highlights

• Liquid-liquid extraction was developed for the quantitative determination of naphthalene at trace levels.

• All of the system parameters were optimized.

• Deuterated anthracene was used as internal standard to enhance the precision of the method.

• The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 4.4 and 14.6 ng mL−1, respectively, under the optimum conditions.

• The spiking experiment revealed satisfactory recoveries for tap water.

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Erarpat, S., Özzeybek, G., Chormey, D.S. et al. A novel liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of naphthalene by GC-MS with deuterated anthracene as internal standard. Environ Monit Assess 189, 528 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6250-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6250-6

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