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Education for sustainable society: attainments and good practices in Sweden during the United Nations Decade for Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD)

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Abstract

Education is an indispensable social component and a powerful tool to develop a peaceful and sustainable society. Global policy frameworks are coupled with national policy frameworks to facilitate strategic use of education to promote sustainability. Sweden is one of the countries that has actively aligned with the global framework and has been successful in introducing Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into formal education through its inclusion in the curricula and through new approaches toward learning and teaching. This article is based on document analysis attempting to review ESD policy implementation and to highlight Sweden’s contribution to the global framework of ESD. It provides a comprehensive review of ESD discourse and its international policy framework, followed by an analysis of evolution of environmental education then ESD in Sweden. Three initiatives at the primary school level that promote ESD are presented as distinctive examples from Sweden demonstrating instrumental use of education toward sustainable development of the society while assessing the challenges and future prospects. As the United Nations Decade for Sustainable Development and Millennium Development Goals comes to an end in November 2014 and 2015, respectively, it is imperative that the concept of is revisited and good practices in the realm of ESD are identified and shared. Research of this nature locates effective practices of ESD and broadens our understanding of how ESD is implemented and adopted hybridizing with local socio-cultural tradition.

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Notes

  1. These international conventions include: UN Conference on Human Environment, Stockholm (1972); International Environmental Education Program (EEP) (1977), UN’s World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987) with a report Our Common Future; UN Conference on Environment and Development (“Earth Summit”), Rio de Janeiro, with Agenda 21 (1992); and successive Regional UN conferences in 1990 s (Cairo Conference on Population, 1994; Copenhagen Conference on Social Development, 1995; Beijing Conference on Women, 1995; Istanbul Conference on Habitat, 1996; Thessaloniki Conference on Environment and Society, 1997 and; Budapest Conference on Science, 1999).

  2. Carl af Forsell’s handbook remained relevant for preschool teaching in Sweden throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Beginning in the 1930s, Swedish preschools began to adopt the Fröbel method from Germany. The Fröbel method introduced gardening as a tool for teaching by recommending growing, harvesting, and cooking as activities to stimulate awareness of the natural world (Fröbel and Johansson, 1995).

  3. Allemansrätten or “the everyman’s right” gives individuals the right to walk, cycle, ski, and camp on any land and swim in any lake in Sweden. A person may also pick berries, flowers, mushrooms, and other plants on the land. However, one may not damage or hurt the property, pick from or trespass on private gardens, nor disturb or trespass on land near a home. Although age-old Swedish practice, this right of access was not a law before 1994, when discussions of Sweden joining the European Union prompted the Swedish legislature to protect the right as common law (Ahlström 1999).

  4. To collect ideas and help develop a draft Global Action Programme on ESD, UNESCO conducted an online survey in 2013 which were open for public stakeholders. It also organized consultations in the different world regions in spring 2013 to involve relevant stakeholders from all regions in the development of the draft Action Programme.

  5. Proposal for a Global Action Programme on education for sustainable development as follow-up to the United Nations Decade of education for sustainable development (DESD) after 2014. (UNESCO, November 2013, 36 C/Resolution 16, 190 EX/Decision 9 and 192 EX/Decision 6).

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  1. Department of Education, Institute of International Education, Stockholm University, Frescativägen 54, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden

    Mikiko Cars & Emma E. West

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Cars, M., West, E.E. Education for sustainable society: attainments and good practices in Sweden during the United Nations Decade for Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD). Environ Dev Sustain 17, 1–21 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-014-9537-6

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