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Fat deposition pattern and mechanism in response to dietary lipid levels in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the fat deposition pattern and lipid metabolic strategies of grass carp in response to dietary lipid levels. Five isonitrogenous diets (260 g kg−1 crude protein) containing five dietary lipid levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 g kg−1) were fed to quadruplicate groups of 15 fish with initial weight 200 g, for 8 weeks. The best growth performance and feed utilization was observed in fish fed with lipid level at 40 g kg−1. MFI and adipose tissue lipid content increased with increasing dietary lipid level up to 40 g kg−1, and higher lipid level in diet made no sense. Fish adapted to high lipid intake through integrated regulating mechanisms in several related tissues to maintain lipid homeostasis. In the present study, grass carp firstly increased PPARγ and CPT1 expressions in adipose tissue to elevate adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis to adapt to high lipid intake above 40 g kg−1. In liver, fish elevated hepatic lipid uptake but depressed biosynthesis of hepatic FAs, resulted in no difference in HSI and liver lipid content among the groups. Only in muscle, fish showed a significant fat deposition when the lipid intake above 40 g kg−1. The excess lipid, derived from enhanced serum TC and TG contents, was more likely to induce deposition in muscle rather than lipid uptake by adipose tissue in grass carp fed with high dietary lipid, indicating the muscle of grass carp might be the main responding organ to high lipid intake.

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Abbreviations

B2M:

Beta-2-microglobulin

β-actin:

Actin isoform B

CPT1:

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1

FAS:

Fatty acid synthetase

FE:

Feed efficiency

FI:

Feed intake

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HMBS:

Hydroxymethyl-bilane synthase

HSI:

Hepatopancreasomatic index

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

MFI:

Mesenteric fat index

PE:

Protein efficiency

PPARα:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type α

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type γ

RPL13A:

Ribosomal protein L13a

SDHA:

Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A

SGR:

Specific growth ratio

SREBP1:

Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Total triglyceride

Tubα 1:

Tubulin alpha 1

VSI:

Viscerosomatic index

WG:

Weight gain

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138601), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272641) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662015PY041).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China

    Xiaochen Yuan, Xu-Fang Liang, Liwei Liu, Jinguang Fang, Jiao Li, Aixuan Li, Wenjing Cai & Qingchao Wang

  2. National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Min Xue & Jia Wang

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  1. Xiaochen Yuan
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  2. Xu-Fang Liang
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  3. Liwei Liu
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  4. Jinguang Fang
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  5. Jiao Li
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  6. Aixuan Li
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Correspondence to Xu-Fang Liang.

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Yuan, X., Liang, XF., Liu, L. et al. Fat deposition pattern and mechanism in response to dietary lipid levels in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus . Fish Physiol Biochem 42, 1557–1569 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-016-0240-4

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