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Characterization of kiss2 and kissr2 genes and the regulation of kisspeptin on the HPG axis in Cynoglossus semilaevis

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Abstract

Reproduction allows organisms to produce offspring. Animals shift from immature juveniles into mature adults and become capable of sexual reproduction during puberty, which culminates in the first spermiation and sperm hydration or ovulation. Reproduction is closely related to the precise control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Kisspeptin peptides are considered as the important regulator of HPG axis in mammalian. However, the current understanding of kisspeptin in flatfish is not comprehensive. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the kiss2 and kissr2 genes in Cynoglossus semilaevis. Interesting alternative splicing in the 5′-untranslated regions (UTR) of the Cskissr2 gene was found. The expression profiles of Cskiss2 and Cskissr2 showed relative high messenger RNA (mRNA) levels at the late gastrula stage during embryonic development, at total length = 40 mm during early gonadal differentiation, and in the brains and gonads of all investigated tissues. These results suggested that the kisspeptin system participated in embryogenesis and in the regulation of gonadal differentiation and development. Considering that the control and regulatory mechanisms of kisspeptin in the central reproductive axis are still unclear, we documented that the intramuscular injection of kisspeptin caused different sGnRH and cGnRH mRNA levels in a dose- and tissue-dependent manner. The mRNA expressions of FSH and LH were stimulated in the ovary and were inhibited in the testis under the kisspeptin treatments. These results provided foundations for understanding the roles of kisspeptin in the neuroendocrine system in fish. The manipulation of the kisspeptin system may provide new opportunities to control the gonadal development and even reproduction in fish.

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Abbreviations

Cskiss2:

Kisspeptin of Cynoglossus semilaevis

Cskissr2 :

Kisspeptin receptor of C. semilaevis

HPG axis:

Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

GnRH:

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

sGnRH:

Salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone

cGnRH:

Chicken-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone

sbGnRH:

Sea bream-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

FSH:

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Kp54:

Mature peptide of kisspeptin with 54 aa

Kp16:

Mature peptide of kisspeptin with 16 aa

Kp14:

Mature peptide of kisspeptin with 14 aa

Kp13:

Mature peptide of kisspeptin with 13 aa

Kp10:

Shortest mature peptide of kisspeptin with 10 aa

GPR54:

G protein-coupled receptor 54

GT1–7:

An established mouse GnRH cell line

Pokp54:

Native recombinant kisspeptin 54 peptide in Paralichthys olivaceus

TL:

Total length

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2012AA10A408, 2012AA10A402).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Huayu Song, Mengxun Wang, Zhongkai Wang, Jinxiang Liu, Jie Qi & Quanqi Zhang

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  1. Huayu Song
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  2. Mengxun Wang
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  3. Zhongkai Wang
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Correspondence to Quanqi Zhang.

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Compliance with the guidelines and regulations for animal experiments established by the Ocean University of China and the local government of Yantai, all fish were sacrificed.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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The authors contributed equally to the study.

Electronic supplementary material

Fig. S1

Multiple amino acid sequence alignments of Cskissr2 with other Kissr2 sequences in vertebrates. (GIF 312 kb).

High Resolution Image (TIFF 1420 kb).

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Fig. S2

Histology of the gonads of the female (A) and male fish (B) in the injection experiment. (GIF 2082 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 3109 kb).

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Song, H., Wang, M., Wang, Z. et al. Characterization of kiss2 and kissr2 genes and the regulation of kisspeptin on the HPG axis in Cynoglossus semilaevis . Fish Physiol Biochem 43, 731–753 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-016-0328-x

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