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Cavitation erosion as a kind of dynamic damage

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Abstract

The purpose of this work is to show that the spherical shock waves arising in a liquid during cavitation bubble collapse can lead to formation of deep needle-like pits on the solid surface. The nature of dynamic damage during cavitation erosion is the spallation caused by interference of rarefaction waves. Rarefaction at spherical wave impact arises when the velocity of contact surface boundary becomes less than the speed of sound in a target. If the tension caused by the focused rarefaction wave exceeds the spall strength of material, channel spall cracks can arise. At low pulsed loading, spall cracks are formed in a dynamic fatigue mode. Needle-like damage arises upon focusing rarefaction waves. In terms of our model, a system of cylindrical spall cracks is consecutively formed around a deeper axial spall needle-like crack. Upon subsequent loading, each crack acts as a source of new rarefaction wave. Newly formed cylindrical spall cracks suppress the growth of the cracks of previous generation and give birth to the cracks of next generation. A distinctive feature is that the cracks are first formed at the periphery of damageability zone, subsequent cracks having a lower depth.

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Abbreviations

P :

pressure (MPa)

ρ :

density (g/cm3)

A :

coefficient in Eq. (1)

n :

exponent in Eq. (1)

c 0 :

velocity of sound (km/s)

u :

mass velocity (km/s)

A 1, n 1, c 01 :

parameters of liquid

A 2, n 2, c 02 :

parameters of target material

P*, u*:

pressure and mass velocity at the interface

P b :

initial pressure of spherical shock wave

R 0 :

initial radius of spherical shock wave at the moment of impact

τ :

dimensionless time

τ 0 :

moment of rarefaction arising

r 0 :

coordinate of rarefaction start-up (size of the damageability zone) k = c 02/c 01

P S :

spallation strength

ε :

strain

ε = u*/c 02 :

initial strain

ε S :

spall strain

ξ :

elastoplastic hysteresis

N 0 :

critical number of load cycles necessary for crack nucleation

x =  0:

coordinate of needle-like spall crack

x 1 :

coordinate of first-generation cylindrical crack

x 2 :

coordinate of second-generation cylindrical crack

L 0 :

depth of needle-like crack

L i :

depth of cylindrical crack of ith generation

θ:

azimuth angle of needle-like crack from point r 0

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Tsentral’naya 8, app. 87, Chernogolovka, Moscow, 142432, Russia

    S. N. Buravova & Yu. A. Gordopolov

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  1. S. N. Buravova
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  2. Yu. A. Gordopolov
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Correspondence to S. N. Buravova.

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Buravova, S.N., Gordopolov, Y.A. Cavitation erosion as a kind of dynamic damage. Int J Fract 170, 83–93 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-011-9604-z

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