Abstract
In east Anatolia region in Turkey, there are special microclimates, which famous for its fruit production. One of the most important microclimates in the region is Aras valley. The major fruit in the valley is apricot, which grown both cultivated and wild forms. This study aimed to assess some important fruit morphological and biochemical characteristics of 26 wild apricots and cv. Aprikoz grown in Kagizman district in Aras valley. Harvest date, tree growth habit, fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit firmness, fruit color, flesh/seed ratio, aroma, kernel taste, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, maturity index, vitamin C, total phenolic, total carotenoid and antioxidant capacity were determined. The wild grown apricots exhibited a wide variation on most of the fruit morphological and biochemical characteristics. Harvest date, fruit shape, fruit weight, fruit firmness and fruit color were the most distinct morphological characteristics of wild grown apricots. Harvest dates and fruit weight were found between 02 July (KA18) and 06 August (KA13); 16.28 g (KA6) and 33.14 g (KA2) among wild grown apricots, respectively. The main cultivar cv. Aprikoz harvested at 04 July and had 38.67 g fruit weight. The wild apricots had flesh/seed ratio between 8.41 (KA21) and 12.25 (KA10) while cv. Aprikoz had 11.69 flesh/seed ratio. Total antioxidant capacity, total carotenoid and total phenolic content were the highest in most of wild apricot fruits than cv. Aprikoz. Our results showed that there is potential for promoting wild apricot fruit from specific geographical regions because they contained elevated concentrations of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akin EB, Karabulut I, Topcu A (2008) Some compositional properties of main Malatya apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) varieties. Food Chem 107:939–948
Altindag M, Sahin M, Esitken A, Ercisli S, Guleryuz M, Donmez MF, Sahin F (2006) Biological control of brown rot (Moniliana laxa Ehr.) on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Hacihaliloglu) by Bacillus, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas application under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Biol Control 38:369–372
Benzie IFF, Strain JJ (1996) The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239:70–76
Bostan SZ (2007) Researches on breeding by selection of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) types in Gumushane province of Turkey. In: Proceedings 5th National Horticultural Congress, vol 1, pp 502–510 (in Turkish)
Botondi R, DeSantis D, Bellincontro A, Vizovitis K, Mencarelli F (2003) Influence of ethylene inhibition by 1-methyl-cyclopropene on apricot quality, volatile production, and glycosidase activity of low- and high-aroma varieties of apricots. J Agric Food Chem 51:1189–1200
Caliskan O, Bayazit S, Sumbul A (2012) Fruit quality and phytochemical attributes of some apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars as affected by genotypes and seasons. Not Bot Horti Agrobot 40(2):284–294
Drogoudi PD, Vemmos S, Pantelidis G, Petri E, Tzoutzoukou C, Karayiannis I (2008) Physical characters and antioxidant, sugar, and mineral nutrient contents in fruit from 29 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars and hybrids. J Agric Food Chem 56:10754–10760
Ercisli S (2004) A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genet Res Crop Evol 51:419–435
Ercisli S (2009) Apricot culture in Turkey. Sci Res Essays 4:715–719
Ercisli S, Tosun M, Karlidag H, Dzubur A, Hadziabulic S, Aliman Y (2012) Color and antioxidant characteristics of some fresh fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes from Northeastern Turkey. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 67(3):271–276
Ersoy N, Gundogdu M, Ercisli S (2017) Evaluation of European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) genotypes for agro-morphological, biochemical and bioactive characteristics in Turkey. Folia Hortic 29(2):179–186
FAO (2017) Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)
Gunduz K, Ozbay H (2018) The effects of genotype and altitude of the growing location on physical, chemical, and phytochemical properties of strawberry. Turk J Agric For 42:145–153
Halasz J, Pedryc A, Ercisli S, Yilmaz KU, Hegedus A (2010) S-genotyping supports the genetic relationships between Turkish and Hungarian apricot germplasm. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 135(5):410–417
Halasz J, Hegedus A, Szikriszti B, Ercisli S, Orhan E, Unlu HM (2013) The S-genotyping of wild-grown apricots reveals only self-incompatible accessions in the Erzincan region of Turkey. Turk J Biol 37:733–740
Hegedus A, Engel R, Abrankó L, Balogh E, Blázovics A, Hermán R, Halász J, Ercisli S, Pedryc A, Stefanovits-Banyai E (2010) Antioxidant and antiradical capacities in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruits: variations from genotypes, years, and analytical methods. J Food Sci 75:C722–C730
Hegedus A, Pfeiffer P, Papp N, Abranko L, Blazovics A, Pedryc A, Stefanovits-Banyai E (2011) Accumulation of antioxidants in apricot fruit through ripening: characterization of a genotype with enhanced functional properties. Biol Res 44:339–344
Imrak B, Kuden A, Yurtkulu V, Kafkas S, Zarifikhosrodhahi M, Ercisli S, Kafkas E (2016) Volatile compounds of new promising dried apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes. Not Bot Horti Agrobot 44(2):568–572
Iordanescu OA, Lalescu D, Berbecea A, Camen D, Poiana MA, Moigradean D, Bala M (2018) Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of some apricot varieties at different ripening stages. Chil J Agric Res 78:266–275
Islam A, Karadeniz T (2001) A study on to determine change of phenolic substances in fruits of wild apricot types and apricot cultivars. In: Proceedings of II stone fruit symposium, pp 603–610
Karaat FE, Serce S (2019) Total phenolics, antioxidant capacities and pomological characteristics of 12 apricot cultivars grown in Turkey. Adyutayam 7(1):46–60
Karayiannis I (2010) Inheritance of sweet kernel taste in apricot. Acta Hortic 862:73–76
Ledbetter CA (2008) Apricots. In: Hancock JF (ed) Temperature fruit crop breeding, chapter 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 39–82
Lo Bianco R, Farina V, Indelicato SG, Filizzola F, Agozzino P (2010) Fruit physical, chemical and aromatic attributes of early, intermediate and late apricot cultivars. J Sci Food Agric 90(6):1008–1019
Malik SK, Chaudhury R, Dhariwal OP, Mir S (2010) Genetic diversity and traditional uses of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) in high-altitude north-western Himalayas of India. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utulization 8:249–257
Milosevic T, Milosevic N, Glisic I, Krska B (2010) Characteristics of promising apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genetic resources in Central Serbia based on blossoming period and fruit quality. Hortic Sci 37(4):46–55
Nair KP (2019) Utilizing crop wild relatives to combat global warming. Adv Agron 153:175–258
Ozturk I, Ercisli S, Kalkan F, Demir B (2009) Some chemical and physico-mechanical properties of pear cultivars. Afr J Biotechnol 8(4):687–693
Pinar H, Unlu M, Ercisli S, Uzun A, Bircan M, Yilmaz KU, Agar G (2013) Determination of genetic diversity among wild grown apricots from Sakit valley in Turkey using SRAP markers. J Appl Bot Food Qual 86:55–58
Reyes LF, Villarreal JE, Cisneros-Zevallos L (2007) The increase in antioxidant capacity after wounding depends on the type of fruit or vegetable tissue. Food Chem 101:1254–1262
Ruiz D, Egea J, Tomaas-Barberaan FA, Gil MI (2005) Carotenoids from new apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) varieties and their relationship with flesh and skin color. J Agric Food Chem 53:6368–6374
Serrano M, Diaz-Mula HM, Zapata PJ, Castillo S, Guillen F, Martinez-Romero D, Valverde JM, Valero D (2009) Maturity stage at harvest determines the fruit quality and antioxidant potential after storage of sweet cherry cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 57:3240–3246
Shemesh K, Zohar M, Bar-Yaakov I, Hatib K, Holland D, Isaacson T (2017) Analysis of carotenoids in fruit of different apricot accessions reveals large variability and highlights apricot as a rich source of phytoene and phytofluene. Fruits 72:185–202
Singleton VL, Rossi JA (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic–phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Viticult 16:144–158
Sochor J, Zitka O, Skutkova H, Pavlik D, Babula P, Krska B, Horna A, Adam V, Provaznik I, Kizek R (2010) Content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in fruits of apricot genotypes. Molecules 15:6285–6305
Solis-Solis HM, Calderon-Santoya M, Schrorr-Galindo S, Luna-Solano G, Ragazzo-Sanchez JA (2007) Characterization of aroma potential of apricot varieties using different extraction techniques. Food Chem 105:829–837
Yilmaz KU (2008) Phenological, morphological and pomological characteristics of some local apricot genotypes and determination of their genetic relationships and self-incompatibility by molecular markers. PhD thesis, Institute of Science, Çukurova University, Turkey
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gecer, M.K., Kan, T., Gundogdu, M. et al. Physicochemical characteristics of wild and cultivated apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Aras valley in Turkey. Genet Resour Crop Evol 67, 935–945 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00893-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00893-9