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Global phylogeography of sailfish: deep evolutionary lineages with implications for fisheries management

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Abstract

Since the Miocene profound climatic changes have influenced the biology and ecology of species worldwide, such as their connectivity, genetic population structure, and biogeography. The goal herein is to evaluate the phylogeography of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus between the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Our results evidenced a high genetic diversity and three distinct populations among the ocean basins with limited gene flow among them. In addition, the species is characterized by two deep evolutionary lineages that diverged during the Miocene/Pliocene transition, one of them is circumtropical while the other is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean. These lineages evolved along the successive glacial-interglacial cycles from the Pleistocene and remained isolated from each other in glacial refugium until deglaciation. Assessments of sailfish suggest it may be subject to overfishing and the results herein imply the need to re-evaluate the current stock delimitations and management measures adopted by the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations, especially in the Atlantic and the Indo-Western Pacific oceans to effectively manage the species. In addition, this work highlights that both lineages should at least be treated as two distinct management units in the Atlantic Ocean until their taxonomic status is fully resolved, given their high genetic divergence.

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GenBank® Access Numbers MT654157–MT654497.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Alexis Puech and Marion Kauffmann for their sampling efforts in the field. The authors are grateful to all fishermen from “Pró-Pesca Project: fishing the knowledge” for donating some specimens from Brazil.

Funding

This study was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) [grant numbers 2011/23787‐0, 2014/26508-3, 2016/09204-6, 2017/17605-3, 2018/20610-1] and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [grant numbers 306054/2006-0, 470762/2013‐6]. Samples from the Portuguese Scientific Observer Program were collected within the PNAB/EU-DCF (Programa Nacional de Amostragem Biológica, integrated in the EU Data Collection Framework). Samples from the French Scientific Observer Program were collected through the Data Collection Framework (Reg 2017/1004 and 2016/1251) funded by both IRD/Ob7 and the European Union. Bruno Lopes da Silva Ferrette was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Conservation Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), 8, Cesário Mota St., Santos, SP, 11045-040, Brazil

    Bruno Lopes da Silva Ferrette

  2. Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC), Instituto do Mar (IMar), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, 144, Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça St., Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil

    Bruno Lopes da Silva Ferrette, Rodrigo Rodrigues Domingues & Fernando Fernandes Mendonça

  3. Laboratório de Ciências da Pesca (LABPESCA), Instituto do Mar (IMar), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, 144, Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça St., Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil

    Bruno Mourato

  4. Laboratório de Oceanografia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil

    Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin

  5. Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente (UDO), Camaná, Venezuela

    Freddy Arocha

  6. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Samuel Mackey Williams

  7. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Carlos Egberto Rodrigues Junior

  8. Laboratório de Genética de Peixes (LAGENPE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil

    Fábio Porto-Foresti

  9. Centro de Pesquisa do Pescado Marinho, Instituto de Pesca/APTA/SAA/SP, Santos, SP, Brazil

    Alberto Ferreira de Amorim

  10. Acervo Zoológico, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Oswaldo Cruz St. 266, Santos, SP, 11045-907, Brazil

    Matheus Marcos Rotundo

  11. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Av. 5 de Outubro s/n°, 8700-305, Olhão, Algarve, Portugal

    Rui Coelho

  12. Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Rui Coelho

  13. Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    John P. Hoolihan

  14. Centre de Recherches Océanographiques de Dakar‐Thiaroye (CRODT), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches agricoles (ISRA), Dakar, Sénégal

    Fambaye Ngom Sow

  15. Centre de Recherches Océanologiques (CRO), Abidjan, Ivory Coast

    N’guessan Constance Diaha

  16. Centre Technique de Recherche et de Valorisation des Milieux Aquatiques (CAP RUN – CITEB), Magasin 10, Port Ouest, 97420, Le Port, Île De La Réunion, France

    Evgeny V. Romanov

  17. Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes (LBGP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Claudio Oliveira & Fausto Foresti

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Ferrette, B.L.S., Mourato, B., Hazin, F.H.V. et al. Global phylogeography of sailfish: deep evolutionary lineages with implications for fisheries management. Hydrobiologia 848, 3883–3904 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04587-w

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