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Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Unequal Clustering and Connected Graph in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Abstract

Clustering and multi-hop routing algorithms substantially prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, they also result in the energy hole and network partition problems. In order to balance the load between multiple cluster heads, save the energy consumption of the inter-cluster routing, in this paper, we propose an energy-efficient routing algorithm based on Unequal Clustering Theory and Connected Graph Theory for WSN. The new algorithm optimizes and innovates in two aspects: cluster head election and clusters routing. In cluster head election, we take into consideration the vote-based measure and the transmission power of sensor nodes when to sectionalize these nodes into different unequal clusters. Then we introduce the connected graph theory for inter-cluster data communication in clusters routing. Eventually, a connected graph is constituted by the based station and all cluster heads. Simulation results show that, this new algorithm balances the energy consumption among sensor nodes, relieves the influence of energy-hole problem, improve the link quality, achieves a substantial improvement on reliability and efficiency of data transmission, and significantly prolongs the network lifetime.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions to improve this paper. This research is sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. 61402245, 61572267 and 61272425, the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grand Nos. 2015T80696 and 2014M551870, the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation No. ZR2014FQ010, the Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Funded Project, the Open Project Foundation of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Software Engineering under Grant No. 2013SE01, PAPD, CICAEET and Foundation of Huawei under Grant No. YB2013120027.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Hui Xia, Jia Yu & Zhen-kuan Pan

  2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250101, People’s Republic of China

    Hui Xia & Rui-hua Zhang

  3. Postdoctoral Research Station of System Science, College of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Hui Xia & Zhen-kuan Pan

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  1. Hui Xia
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  2. Rui-hua Zhang
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  3. Jia Yu
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  4. Zhen-kuan Pan
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Correspondence to Hui Xia.

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Xia, H., Zhang, Rh., Yu, J. et al. Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Unequal Clustering and Connected Graph in Wireless Sensor Networks. Int J Wireless Inf Networks 23, 141–150 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10776-016-0304-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10776-016-0304-5

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