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Anti-inflammatory activity of nanoemulsions of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L.: in vitro and in zebrafish studies

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Abstract

The essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (OERO) has bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potency of nanoemulsions containing essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (NOERO, NECHA, NECULT, and NECOM) in vitro and in vivo. This study was accomplished in a quantitative format through tests with diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cellular antioxidant activity (CCA), determination of nitric oxide production, cellular viability and anti-inflammatory activity in zebrafish. OERO’s were submitted to the analysis-coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), which highlighted 1,8-cineol and camphor as major compounds. NOEROs were obtained by a low-energy method and presenting the medium size smaller than 200 nm. The efficiency of encapsulation by spectrometry and gas chromatographic analysis was 67.61 and 75.38%, respectively. In the CCA assay, all of the samples presented percentage values of inhibition similar to the quercetin pattern, indicating antioxidant activity. In the test for determination of NO·, all of the samples inhibited the production of NO· when compared to LPS, and NOEROS were more effective than OEROS to 5 µg/mL. In the cell viability assay, the cells remained viable after contact with the samples, demonstrating an absence of cytotoxicity. This study showed that all nanoemulsions (NECHA, NECULT, and NECOM) showed no toxicity to macrophages, besides demonstrating antioxidant activity and potentiation of the essential oil effect in the proliferation of viable fibroblasts. Nanoemulsions has also shown the ability to potentiate the anti-inflammatory action of essential oils by exerting immunomodulatory activity by inhibiting the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide. The results obtained with NECHA in zebrafish confirm the hypothesis that prominent terpenic compounds, alpha-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor, became more available at the target sites, inhibiting the inflammatory process in this animal species.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—CAPES) for the grant bestowed, Assistance from Capes—Senior internship (Proc. 88881.120909/2016-01, and CNPq Process number 407768/2013-0 (Rede Amazônica de Pesquisa em Biofármacos – RAPBioFar). J.C. Tavares Carvalho acknowledges to DGAPA-UNAM—Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México—Programa de Estancias de Investigación en la UNAM (PREI-2017).

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  1. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, S/N, Campus Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, CEP 68903-419, Brazil

    Raphaelle Sousa Borges, Hady Keita, Brenda Lorena Sánchez Ortiz, Tafnis Ingret dos Santos Sampaio, Irlon Maciel Ferreira, Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues, Arlindo César Matias Pereira Filho & José Carlos Tavares Carvalho

  2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

    Raphaelle Sousa Borges & José Carlos Tavares Carvalho

  3. Division de Pós-Grado, Instituto de Investigación sobre la Salud Pública, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Calle Guillermo Rojas Mijangos S/N, Miahuatlán de porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, Mexico

    Hady Keita & Emerson Silva Lima

  4. Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, BIOPHAR, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio, 6200-Coroado I, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil

    Márcia de Jesus Amazonas da Silva

  5. Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Fitofarmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

    Caio Pinho Fernandes & Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira

  6. Laboratório de Pesquisa Desenvolvimento e Inovação de BioProdutos, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua Riachuelo, 1530-Setor Samuel Graham, Jataí, GO, 75804-020, Brazil

    Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição

  7. Laboratório de Farmacologia de Productos Naturales (LFPN), Facultat de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitária, 04510, México, DF, Mexico

    Andrés Navarrete Castro

  8. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil

    José Carlos Tavares Carvalho

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  1. Raphaelle Sousa Borges
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Borges, R.S., Keita, H., Ortiz, B.L.S. et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of nanoemulsions of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L.: in vitro and in zebrafish studies. Inflammopharmacol 26, 1057–1080 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0438-9

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