Abstract
Black nickel coatings were electrodeposited on to steel substrates from a Watts bath containing potassium nitrate. The best operating conditions necessary to produce smooth and highly adherent black nickel were found to be NiSO4 · 6H2O 0.63 M, NiCl2 · 6H2O 0.09 M, H3BO3 0.3 M and KNO3 0.2 M at pH of 4.6, i=0.5 A dm−2, T=25 °C and t=10 min. The modified Watts bath has a throwing power (TP) of 61%, which is higher than that reported, not only for nickel, but also for many other metals electrodeposited from different baths. The potentiostatic current–time transients indicate instantaneous nucleation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the black nickel deposit is pure metallic nickel with Ni(111) preferred orientation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F.J. Essex and D. Probert, “The Canning Handbook of Surface Finishing and Technology”, (E. & F.N. Spon Ltd., New York, 1985), p. 402.
Barrera E., Pardave M.P., Batina N. and Gonzalez I. (2000) J. Electrochem. Soc. 147: 1787
Yousif K.M. (1995) Met. Finish. 93: 90
Anandan C., William Grips V.K., Rajam K.S., Jayaram V. and Bera P. (2002) Appl. Surf. Sci. 191: 254
Kadirgan F. and Sohmen M. (1999) Turk. J. Chem. 23: 345
John S. (1997) Met. Finish. 95: 84
Indira K.S., Rajagopalan S.R., Siddiqi M.I.A. and Doss K.S.G. (1964) Electrochim. Acta 9: 1301
Serfass E.J., Muraca R.S. and Meyer W.R. (1952) American Electroplaters’ Soc. 30: 101
Ibrahim M.A.M. (2000) Plat.Surf. Finish. 87: 67
Field S. (1934) Metal Ind. (London) 44: 416
Abd El Rehim S.S., Ibrahim M.A.M. and Dankaria M.M. (2002) Trans Inst. Met. Finish. 80: 29
Ibrahim M.A.M., Pongakao D. and Yoshimura M. (2002) J. Solid State Electrochem. 6: 341
M.A.M. Ibrahim, S.S. Abd El Rehim, S. M. Abd El Wahaab and M.M. Dankeria, Plat. Surf. Finish. April (1999) 69.
Wehner S., Bund A., Lichtenstein U., Plieth W., Dahms W. and Richtering W. (2003) J. Appl. Electrochem. 33: 457
Ibrahim M.A.M. (2000) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 75: 745
Ibrahim M.A.M., Amin M.A. and Abbass M.A. (2004) Trans Inst Met Fin. 83: 105
Jelin R.V. and David H.F. (1957) J. Electrochem. Soc. 104: 279
Trejo G., Gil A.F. and Gonzalez I. (1996) J. Appl. Electrochem. 26: 1287
Fletcher S., Halliday C.S., Gates D., Westcott M., Lwin T. and Nelson G. (1983) J. Electroanal. Chem. 159: 267
Scharifker B. and Hills G. (1983) Electrochim. Acta 28: 879
Hu C.-C., Lin C.-Y. and Wen T.-C. (1996) Mat.Chem. Phys. 44: 233
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ibrahim, M.A.M. Black nickel electrodeposition from a modified Watts bath. J Appl Electrochem 36, 295–301 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-9077-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-9077-8