Abstract
Intracellular bioconversion of auric ion (Au3+) to gold nanorod (Au0) by the cyanobacterium Nostoc ellipsosporum has been observed for the first time in laboratory condition. The nanorods were produced within the cell after exposing the healthy growing filaments to 15 mg L−1 gold (III) solution (pH 4.5) for 48 h at 20°C. The gold nanoparticles were extracted with sodium citrate solution and were subjected to UV–Visible spectroscopy. The characteristic surface-multiple plasmon bands at 560, 610, and 670 nm were observed. The nature and size of the particles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential studies. The nanorod size ranged from 137 to 209 nm in length and 33 to 69 nm in diameter. DLS study revealed the average hydrodynamic size as 435 nm and XRD study indicated the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. Methods of extraction and preservation of gold nanorod particles have also been studied.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad A, Senapati S, Khan MI, Kumar R, Ramani R, Srinivas V, Sastry M (2003) Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete, Rhodococcus species. Nanotechnology 14:824–828
Armendariz V, Herrera I, Peralta-Videa JR, Jose-Yacaman M, Troiani H, Santiago P, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2004) Size controlled gold nanoparticle formation by Avena sativa biomass: use of plants in nanobiotechnology. J Nanopart Res 6:377–382
Brown S, Sarikaya M, Johnson E (2000) A genetic analysis of crystal growth. J Mol Biol 299:725–735
Chakraborty N, Pal R, Ramaswami A, Nayak D, Lahiri S (2006) Diatom: a potential bio-accumulator of gold. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 270:645–649
Chakraborty N, Banerjee A, Lahiri S, Panda A, Ghosh AN, Pal R (2009) Biorecovery of gold using cyanobacteria and an eukaryotic alga with special reference to nanogold formation—a novel phenomenon. J Appl Phycol 21:145–152
Gardea-Torresdey JL, Parsons JG, Gomez E, Peralta-Videa J, Troiani HE, Santiago P, Jose Yacaman M (2002) Formation and growth of Au nanoparticles inside live Alfalfa plants. Nanolett 2:397–401
Gericke M, Pinches A (2006) Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Hydrometallurgy 83:132–140
Hauck TS, Jennings TL, Yatsenko T, Kumaradas JC, Chan WCW (2008) Enhancing the toxicity of cancer chemotherapeutics with gold nanorod hyperthermia. Adv Mater 20:3832–3838
Huang X, El-Sayed IH, Qian W, El-Sayed MA (2006) Cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy in the near-infrared region by using gold nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 128:2115–2120
Johnson CJ, Dujardin E, Davis SA, Murphy CJ, Mann S (2002) Growth and form of gold nanorods prepared by seed-mediated, surfactant-directed synthesis. J Mater Chem 12:1765–1770
Lengke MF, Ravel B, Fleet ME, Wanger G, Gordon RA, Southam G (2006) Mechanisms of gold bioaccumulation by filamentous cyanobacteria from gold (III)–chloride complex. Environ Sci Technol 40:6304–6309
Lin ZY, Wu JM, Xue R, Yang Y (2005) Spectroscopic characterization of Au3+ biosorption by waste biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Spectrochim Acta Part A 61:761–765
Nayak D, Nag M, Banerjee S, Pal R, Laskar S, Lahiri S (2006) Preconcentration of 198Au in a green alga, Rhizoclonium. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 268:337–340
Niidome T, Yamagata M, Okamoto Y, Akiyama Y, Takahashi H, Kawano T, Katayama Y, Niidome Y (2006) PEG-modified gold nanorods with a stealth character for in vivo applications. J Control Release 114:343–347
Pissuwan D, Valenzuela SM, Cortie MB (2008) Prospects for gold nanorod particles in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 25:93–112
Shankar SS, Ahmad A, Pasrichaa R, Sastry M (2003) Bioreduction of chloroaurate ions by geranium leaves and its endophytic fungus yields gold nanoparticles of different shapes. J Mater Chem 13:1822–1826
Sharma V, Park K, Srinivasarao M (2009) Colloidal dispersion of gold nanorods: historical background, optical properties, seed-mediated synthesis, shape separation and self-assembly. Mater Sci Eng R 65:1–3
Tréguer-Delapierre M, Majimel J, Mornet S, Duguet E, Ravaine S (2008) Synthesis of non-spherical gold nanoparticles. Gold Bull 41:195–207
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank Dr. Amarnath Ghosh and Mrs. Arpita Panda of National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India for their generous help in TEM studies. We also gratefully acknowledge Dr. Durga Basak and XRD operation staff Mr. Shib Shankar Routh of Indian Association of Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India for their help and cooperation during this work. We would also like to acknowledge the financial assistance of University Grants Commission (UGC).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Parial, D., Patra, H.K., Roychoudhury, P. et al. Gold nanorod production by cyanobacteria—a green chemistry approach. J Appl Phycol 24, 55–60 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9645-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9645-0