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Surface modification of hexagonal boron nitride nanomaterials: a review

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Abstract

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanomaterials, such as boron nitride nanotubes, boron nitride nanofibers, and boron nitride nanosheets, are among the most promising inorganic nanomaterials in recent years. Their unique properties, including high mechanical stiffness, wide band gap, excellent thermal conductivity, and thermal stability, suggest many potential applications in various engineering fields. In particular, h-BN nanomaterials have been widely used as functional fillers to fabricate high-performance polymer nanocomposites. Like other nanomaterials, prior to their utilization in nanocomposites, surface modification of h-BNs is often necessary in order to prevent their strong tendency to aggregate, and to improve their dispersion and interfacial properties in polymer nanocomposites. However, the high chemical inertness and resistance to oxidation of h-BNs make it rather difficult to functionalize h-BNs. The methods frequently used to oxidize graphitic carbon nanomaterials are not quite successful on h-BNs. Therefore, many novel approaches have been studied to modify h-BN nanostructures. In this review, different surface modification strategies were discussed including various covalent and non-covalent surface modification strategies through wet or dry chemical routes. Meanwhile, the effects of these surface modification methods on the resulting material structures and properties were also reviewed. At last, a number of theoretical studies on the reactivity of h-BNs with different chemical agents have been conducted to explore new surface modification routes, which were also addressed in this review.

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Figure 1

Reprinted from [12]

Figure 2

a is reprinted from [38], with the permission of John Wiley and Sons. b is reprinted (adapted) with permission from [39]. Copyright (1995) American Chemical Society

Figure 3

Reprinted from [40], with the permission of AIP Publishing

Figure 4

Reproduced from [44] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry

Figure 5

Reprinted from [10], with permission of John Wiley and Sons

Figure 6

Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [50]. Copyright (2004) American Chemical Society

Figure 7

Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [52]. Copyright (2000) American Chemical Society

Figure 8

Reprinted from [53], with permission of John Wiley and Sons

Figure 9

Reprinted from [65], with permission of John Wiley and Sons

Scheme 1
Figure 10

a, b is reprinted (adapted) with permission from [74]. Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society. c, d Reprinted from [75], with permission of John Wiley and Sons

Scheme 2
Scheme 3
Figure 11

Reprinted from [79], with permission from Elsevier

Figure 12

Reprinted from [36], with permission of John Wiley and Sons

Figure 13

Reprinted from [69], Copyright (2012), with permission from Elsevier

Scheme 4
Figure 14

Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [15]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society

Figure 15

Reprinted from [102], by permission of Taylor & Francis

Figure 16

Reproduced (“Adapted” or “in part”) from [81] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry

Figure 17

Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [112]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society

Figure 18

Reproduced (“Adapted” or “in part”) from [110] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry

Scheme 5
Figure 19

Reproduced (“Adapted” or “in part”) from [96] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry

Scheme 6
Figure 20

Reprinted from [114], Copyright (2015), with permission from Elsevier

Figure 21

Reprinted from [77], Copyright (2016), with permission from Elsevier

Figure 22

Reprinted from [68], Copyright (2016), with permission from Elsevier

Figure 23

Reprinted from [132], with permission of John Wiley and Sons

Figure 24

Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [34]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society

Scheme 7
Figure 25

Reprinted from [136], with permission of Institute of Physics

Figure 26

a is reprinted (adapted) with permission from [85]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. b–f are reprinted from [141]

Figure 27

Reprinted from [142] with permission of Springer

Figure 28

Reprinted from [146] with permission of Springer

Figure 29

Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [150]. Copyright (2006) American Chemical Society

Figure 30

Reprinted from [167], Copyright (2016), with permission from Elsevier

Figure 31

Reprinted from [171], with the permission of AIP Publishing

Figure 32

Reprinted figure with permission from [174]. Copyright (2012) by the American Physical Society

Figure 33

Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Scientific Reports [176], copyright (2013)

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, AFRI project [2017-67021-26604].

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS, 67260-0133, USA

    Zhuoyuan Zheng, McCord Cox & Bin Li

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  1. Zhuoyuan Zheng
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  2. McCord Cox
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Correspondence to Bin Li.

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Zheng, Z., Cox, M. & Li, B. Surface modification of hexagonal boron nitride nanomaterials: a review. J Mater Sci 53, 66–99 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1472-0

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