Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigations on the structural and optical properties of band gap engineered Zn1−x(Cd, Mg)xO thin films deposited by sol–gel technique

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cadmium and magnesium co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been deposited on sapphire substrates using the sol–gel method and the spin coating technique. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the deposited films exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure. A strong ultraviolet near-band-edge emission and a deep level emission were observed in the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of all the films. The PL spectra were also investigated as a function of temperature to examine the emission mechanism of the deposited films. The ability to vary the band gap energy from 3.1 to 3.6 eV was realised by adjusting the cadmium and magnesium concentration in the co-doped ZnO films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed the successful incorporation of cadmium and magnesium in the ZnO films.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D.S. Ginley, C. Bright, MRS Bull. 25, 15 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. P. Zu, Z.K. Tang, G.K.L. Wong, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, Y. Segawa, Solid State Commun. 103, 459–463 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. D.M. Bagnall, Y.F. Chen, Z. Zhu, T. Yao, S. Koyama, M.Y. Shen, T. Goto, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 2230–2232 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Aparna, D. Tanveer Ahmad, S. Pratima, J. Nano Electron. Phys. 5, 2025-1–2025-3 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  5. T. Makino, Y. Segawa, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, R. Shiroki, K. Tamura, T. Yasuda, H. Koinuma, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1237–1239 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. R.D. Shannon, Acta Crystallogr. A A32, 451–455 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  7. D.X. Zhao, Y. Liu, D. Shen, J. Cryst. Growth 234, 427–430 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. L.N. Bai, B.J. Zheng, J.S. Lian, Q. Jiang, Solid State Sci. 14, 698–704 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Y.S. Choi, C.G. Lee, S.M. Cho, Thin Solid Films 289, 153–158 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Sakurai, T. Takagi, T. Kubo, D. Kajita, T. Tanabe, H. Takasu, S. Fujita, S. Fujita, J. Cryst. Growth 237, 514–517 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. O. Vigil, L. Vaillant, F. Cruz, G. Santana, A. Morales-Acevedo, G. Contreras-Puente, Thin Solid Films 361, 53–55 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. H. Tabet-Derraz, N. Benramdance, D. Nacer, A. Bouzidi, M. Medles, Sol. Energy Mateer Sol. C 73, 249–259 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A.K. Sharma, J. Narayan, J.F. Muth, C.W. Teng, C. Jin, A. Kvit, R.M. Kolbas, O.W. Holland, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3327–3329 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Jin, B. Zhang, S. Yang, Y. Wang, J. Chen, H. Zhang, C. Huang, C. Cao, H. Cao, R.P.H. Chang, Solid State Commun 119, 409–413 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Minemoto, T. Negami, S. Nishiwaki, Thin Solid Films 372, 173–176 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J.H. Kang, Y.R. Park, K.J. Kim, Solid State Commun. 115, 127–130 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Ohtomo, M. Kawasaki, Y. Sakurai, I. Ohkubo, R. Shiroki, Y. Yoshida, T. Yasuda, Y. Segawa, H. Koinuma, Mater. Sci. Eng., B 56, 263–266 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Ogata, K. Koike, T. Tanite, T. Komuno, F. Yao, S. Sasa, M. Inoue, M. Yano, J. Cryst. Growth 251, 623–627 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. W.I. Park, G.C. Yi, H.M. Jang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2022–2025 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Lorenz, E.M. Kaidashev, H. von Wenckstern, V. Riede, C. Bundesmann, D. Spemann, G. Benndorf, H. Hochmuth, A. Rahm, H.C. Semmelhack, M. Grundmann, Solid State Electron. 47, 2205–2209 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Chen, D. Chen, J. He, S. Zhang, Z. Chen, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 9413–9419 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. D. Spemann, E.M. Kaidashev, M. Lorenz, J. Vogt, T. Butz, Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 219-220, 891–896 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. X. Zhang, X.M. Li, T.L. Chen, J.M. Bian, C.Y. Zhang, Thin Solid Films 92, 248–252 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. P. Kumar, A. Singh, D. Pathak, L. Hromadko, T. Wagner, Adv.Mater.Lett 5, 587–592 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  25. U. Ozgur, A. Ya, I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M.A. Reshchikov, S. Dogan, V. Avrutin, S.J. Cho, H. Morkood, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 41301–41403 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. V. Osinsky, J.W. Dong, J.Q. Xie, B. Hertog, A.M. Dubrian, P.P. Chow, S.J. Pearton, D.P. Norton, D.C. Look, W. Schoenfeld, O. Lopatiuk, L. Chernyak, M. Cheung, A.N. Cartwright, M. Gerhold, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 892, FF18-01–EE18-01 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  27. W.L. Xu, M.J. Zheng, G.Q. Ding, W.Z. Shen, Chem. Phys. Lett. 411, 37–42 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. X.Y. Zhang, J.Y. Dai, H.C. Ong, N. Wang, H.L.W. Chan, C.L. Choy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 393, 17–21 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. H. Priller, R. Hauschild, J. Zeller, C. Klingshirn, H. Kalt, R. Kling, F. Reuss, Ch. Kirchner, A. Waag, J. Lumin. 112, 173–176 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Y.F. Lu, H.Q. Ni, Z.H. Mai, Z.M. Ren, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 498–502 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. D.N. Bose, M.S. Hedge, S. Basu, K.C. Mandal, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 4, 866–870 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Al Musanna College of Technology, Muladdah, Sultanate of Oman

    C. Ravichandran

  2. Anna University, Chennai, 601301, India

    J. Kumar

  3. Department of Physics, Government Arts College for Men, Nandanam, Chennai, India

    G. Srinivasan

  4. MicroPhysics Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA

    Craig Lennon & S. Sivananthan

Authors
  1. C. Ravichandran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Srinivasan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Craig Lennon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. Sivananthan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Ravichandran.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ravichandran, C., Kumar, J., Srinivasan, G. et al. Investigations on the structural and optical properties of band gap engineered Zn1−x(Cd, Mg)xO thin films deposited by sol–gel technique. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 26, 5489–5494 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3105-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3105-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation