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Engineering electrode/electrolyte interfacial properties of nanotube arrays for high-capacitance supercapacitors

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Abstract

In this study, the effect of imbibition-induced electrolyte wettability over charge carrier density and hence the increase in electric double layer is investigated for morphology-controlled TiO2 nanotube arrays. The nanotube morphology brings in good control over change in surface energy that induces electrolyte wettability. Electrolytes of HCl, KCl, and NaCl were utilized to determine surface energy, surface wettability, and electrochemical studies. The percentage of electrolyte imbibition inside nanopores varies in the order of HCl > KCl > NaCl. The double-layer formation is higher for highly wettable surfaces and is dependent on the percentage of electrolyte imbibition inside nanotube pores. From the observations, it is deduced that the storage performance of nanotube electrodes can be markedly increased by enhancing the molar conductivity and ionic mobility of electrolyte. An areal capacitance of 14.9 mF/cm2 is observed for HCl electrolyte-based supercapacitor. In addition, the cationic radius of electrolyte influences the stability of electrode with a capacitance retention of 87%.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge CSIR and BRNS for the financial support through Scheme No. 03(1329)/14/EMR-II, and 2013/34/25/BRNS/2692. The authors thank Central Instrumentation Facility, Pondicherry University, and NCNSNT Madras University for the characterization facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Depertment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Chennai, India

    C. Clement Raj

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India

    C. G. Jothi Prakash

  3. Madanjeet School of Green Energy Technologies, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, India

    R. Prasanth

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  1. C. Clement Raj
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Clement Raj, C., Jothi Prakash, C.G. & Prasanth, R. Engineering electrode/electrolyte interfacial properties of nanotube arrays for high-capacitance supercapacitors. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 11119–11128 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05778-w

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