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Poly (d,l-lactide)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and biocompatibility evaluation

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Abstract

Biodegradable polymer/bioceramic composite scaffolds can overcome the limitations of conventional ceramic bone substitutes such as brittleness and difficulty in shaping. However, conventional methods for fabricating polymer/bioceramic composite scaffolds often use organic solvents (e.g., the solvent casting and particulate leaching (SC/PL) method), which might be harmful to cells or tissues. In this study, Poly (d,l-lactide)/nano-hydroxyapatite (PDLLA/NHA) composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization, and highly porous scaffolds were fabricated using a novel method, supercritical CO2/salt-leaching method (SC CO2/SL). The materials and scaffolds were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC showed that the molecular weight of composites decreased with increase of NHA content. However, the water absorption and compressive strength increased dramatically. The SEM micrographs showed that the scaffolds with pore size about 250 μm were obtained by controlling parameters of SC CO2/SL. The biocompatibility of PDLLA/NHA porous scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The evaluation on the cytotoxicity were carried out by cell relative growth rate (RGR) method and cell direct contact method. The cytotoxicity of these scaffolds was in grade I according to ISO 10993-1. There was no toxicosis and death cases observed in acute systemic toxicity test. And histological observation of the tissue response (1 and 9 weeks after the implantation) showed that there are still some slight inflammation responses.

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Acknowledgments

The project is sponsored by the key basic research foundation for development of science and technology of Shanghai, P.R. of China (Number: 05DJ14006), the research foundation for nano science and technology special project of Shanghai (Number: 0452nm088). Contract grant sponsor: Key Basic Research Foundation for Development of Science and Technology of Shanghai, P.R. of China; contract grant number: 05DJ14006. The research foundation for nano science and technology special project of Shanghai P.R. of China; contract grant number: 0452nm088.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nano and Bio-Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China

    Jie Ren, Peng Zhao, Tianbin Ren & Shuying Gu

  2. School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China

    Kefeng Pan

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  1. Jie Ren
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  2. Peng Zhao
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  3. Tianbin Ren
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  4. Shuying Gu
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Correspondence to Jie Ren.

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Ren, J., Zhao, P., Ren, T. et al. Poly (d,l-lactide)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and biocompatibility evaluation. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 19, 1075–1082 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-3181-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-3181-8

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