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Investigation of 2D and 3D electrospun scaffolds intended for tendon repair

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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) electrospun fibre mats have been investigated as fibrous sheets intended as biomaterials scaffolds for tissue repair. It is recognised that tissues are three-dimensional (3D) structures and that optimisation of the fabrication process should include both 2D and 3D scaffolds. Understanding the relative merits of the architecture of 2D and 3D scaffolds for tendon repair is required. This study investigated three different electrospun scaffolds based on poly(ε-caprolactone) fibres intended for repair of injured tendons, referred to as; 2D random sheet, 2D aligned sheet and 3D bundles. 2D aligned fibres and 3D bundles mimicked the parallel arrangement of collagen fibres in natural tendon and 3D bundles further replicated the tertiary layer of a tendon’s hierarchical configuration. 3D bundles demonstrated greatest tensile properties, being significantly stronger and stiffer than 2D aligned and 2D random fibres. All scaffolds supported adhesion and proliferation of tendon fibroblasts. Furthermore, 2D aligned sheets and 3D bundles allowed guidance of the cells into a parallel, longitudinal arrangement, which is similar to tendon cells in the native tissue. With their superior physical properties and ability to better replicate tendon tissue, the 3D electrospun scaffolds warrant greater investigation as synthetic grafts in tendon repair.

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Acknowledgments

The Authors’ wish to thank the EPSRC for funding this research and Prof. P.D. Clegg, The University of Liverpool, for donation of tendon fibroblasts.

Disclosures

  The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials, Materials Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M1 7HS, UK

    L. A. Bosworth & S. Downes

  2. Plastic Surgery Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9TP, UK

    N. Alam & J. K. Wong

Authors
  1. L. A. Bosworth
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  2. N. Alam
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  3. J. K. Wong
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  4. S. Downes
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Correspondence to L. A. Bosworth.

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Bosworth, L.A., Alam, N., Wong, J.K. et al. Investigation of 2D and 3D electrospun scaffolds intended for tendon repair. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 24, 1605–1614 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-4911-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-4911-8

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