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Stable isotopic differences between summer and winter monsoon rains over southern India

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Abstract

Rain drop size and isotopic composition of rain, important parameters that shed light on rain formation processes, are highly sensitive to the ambient weather. We reported earlier a significant correlation between them in individual rain events (with limited sampling), but this is yet to be tested with better, longer term sampling. Here we attempt to do so over a tropical region (i.e. Tirupati, India). Rain samples were collected at short time intervals (<1 h) to capture even small variations in their stable oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotopic compositions. Isotopic analyses were made using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, and a disdrometer measured the drop size distribution. Summer rains show a progressive 18O & D depletion with time, while the winter rains fluctuate about a mean value. We find no definite correlation between the drop size and stable isotope ratios as was reported earlier, based on a smaller number of samples: the complexity of rain formation process and varying ambient weather conditions for individual rain events could be the reason. Further, there is no significant difference between the local meteoric water lines (δ18O- δD line) of summer and winter monsoon rains, though the intercepts in both the cases were significantly smaller than global meteoric waterline, suggesting significant strong influence of secondary evaporation. However, the winter rains are more depleted in D & 18O. Paleoclimate proxies such as δ18O of cave calcite or teak cellulose form this region need to be interpreted in terms of the relative seasonality of the rainfall rather than the total annual rain.

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Acknowledgments

We thank ISRO_GBP for funding. The air back trajectories are calculated using HYSPLIT model from http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, India, 380 009

    Rohit Srivastava

  2. Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, India, 382 007

    Rohit Srivastava

  3. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India, 517 112

    R. Ramesh & T. Narayana Rao

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  1. Rohit Srivastava
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  2. R. Ramesh
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  3. T. Narayana Rao
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Correspondence to Rohit Srivastava.

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Srivastava, R., Ramesh, R. & Rao, T.N. Stable isotopic differences between summer and winter monsoon rains over southern India. J Atmos Chem 71, 321–331 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-015-9297-1

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