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Foliar Mono- and Sesquiterpene Contents in Relation to Leaf Economic Spectrum in Native and Alien Species in Oahu (Hawai’i)

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Abstract

Capacity for terpene production may confer advantage in protection against abiotic stresses such as heat and drought, and also against herbivore and pathogen attack. Plant invasive success has been intense in the Hawaiian islands, but little is known about terpene content in native and alien plant species on these islands. We conducted a screening of leaf terpene concentrations in 35 native and 38 alien dominant plant species on Oahu island. Ten (29%) of the 35 native species and 15 (39%) of the 38 alien species contained terpenes in the leaves. This is the first report of terpene content for the ten native species, and for 10 of the 15 alien species. A total of 156 different terpenes (54 monoterpenes and 102 sesquiterpenes) were detected. Terpene content had no phylogenetic significance among the studied species. Alien species contained significantly more terpenes in leaves (average ± SE = 1965 ± 367 μg g−1) than native species (830 ± 227 μg g−1). Alien species showed significantly higher photosynthetic capacity, N content, and lower Leaf Mass Area (LMA) than native species, and showed higher total terpene leaf content per N and P leaf content. Alien species, thus, did not follow the expected pattern of “excess carbon” in comparison with native species. Instead, patterns were consistent with the “nutrient driven synthesis” hypothesis. Comparing alien and native species, the results also support the modified Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) hypothesis that suggests that alien success may be favored by a defense system based on an increase in concentrations of less costly defenses (terpenes) against generalist herbivores.

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Acknowledgements

ÜN was holding G. P. Wilder Chair at the Department of Botany, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Hawai’i during the time of the study. We also thank the students, faculty, and staff of that Department for making available laboratory space and equipment for this research. This research was supported by grants from the Spanish Government (CGL2006-04025/BOS and Consolider-Ingenio Montes CSD 2008-00040), the Catalan Government (SGR 2009-458), Estonian Science Foundation (grant 7645), and the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (SF1090065s07).

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  1. Global Ecology Unit CSIC-CEAB-CREAF, Facultat de Ciencies, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain

    Jordi Sardans, Joan Llusià & Josep Peñuelas

  2. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland, Great Britain

    Sue Owen

  3. Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia

    Ülo Niinemets

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Appendix 1. Species with not detected foliar terpene contents in this study

Appendix 1. Species with not detected foliar terpene contents in this study

Acacia confusa, Acacia koa, Senna surattensis, Clermontia oblongifolia, Desmodium incanum, Falcataria moluccana, Haematoxylum campechianum, Casuarina equisetifolia, Ficus macrophylla, Ficus microcarpa, Trema orientalis, Antidesma platyphyllum, Bischofia javanica, Ochna thomasiana, Passiflora suberosa, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Hibiscus arnottianus, Sida fallax, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Ilex anomala, Ilex paraguariensis, Alyxia stellata, Labordia tinifolia, Bobea elatior, Coffea arabica, Coprosma longifolia, Hedyotis acuminata, Hedyotis fosbergii, Hedyotis terminalis, Buddleja asiatica, Citharexylum caudatum, Clerodendrum macrostegium, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Jasminum fluminense, Tabebuia rosea, Cestrum nocturnum, Carmona retusa, Ardisia elliptica, Diospyros sandwicensis, Pouteria sandwicensis, Vaccinium calycinum, Broussaisia arguta, Korthalsella complanata, Santalum freycinetianum, Pisonia umbellifera, Freycinetia arborea, Smilax melastomifolia.

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Sardans, J., Llusià, J., Niinemets, Ü. et al. Foliar Mono- and Sesquiterpene Contents in Relation to Leaf Economic Spectrum in Native and Alien Species in Oahu (Hawai’i). J Chem Ecol 36, 210–226 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-010-9744-z

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