Abstract
Resistance spot welding technologies are widely used in industry. A highly reliable monitoring method is needed to effectively weld and create a robust structure. We developed a combined technique using magnetic flux penetration and an eddy current test (ECT). The magnetic measuring system consists of a pair of magnetic probes having an induction coil and detection coil, a lock-in amplifier, a current source, and a personal computer. The magnetic flux penetration through both surfaces at the weld was measured at low frequency. The ECT was performed at each surface with multiple frequencies. The magnetic flux penetration method showed good correlation with the destructive shear test because of the change in permeability due to the formation of the nugget. The ECT method reflected the depth profile of the nugget and was effective for determining a defective product.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hall, E.T., Crecraft, D.I.: Bonded joints and non-destructive testing. Nondestruct. Test. 4, 181–191 (1971)
Aslanlar, S.: The effect of nucleus size on mechanical properties in electrical resistance spot welding of sheets used in automotive industry. Mater. Des. 27, 125–131 (2006)
Vural, M., Akkus, A., Eryurek, B.: Effect of welding nugget diameter on the fatigue strength of the resistance spot welded joints of different steel sheets. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 176, 127–132 (2006)
Goglio, L., Rossetto, M.: Ultrasonic testing of adhesive bonds of thin metal sheets. Nondestruct. Test. Eval. Int. 32, 323–331 (1999)
Blomme, E., Bulcaen, D., Declercq, F.: Recent observations with air-coupled NDE in the frequency range of 650 kHz to 1.2 MHz. Ultrasonics 40, 153–157 (2002)
Liao, T.W., Li, Y.: An automated radiographic NDT system for weld inspection. Nondestruct. Test. Eval. Int. 31, 183–192 (1998)
Auld, B.A., Moulder, J.C.: Review of advances in quantitative eddy current nondestructive evaluation. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 18, 3–36 (1999)
Tsukada, K., Yoshioka, M., Kawasaki, Y., Kiwa, T.: Detection of back-side pit on a ferrous plate by magnetic flux leakage method with analyzing magnetic field vector. Nondestruct. Test. Eval. Int. 43, 323–328 (2010)
Tsukada, K., Yoshioka, M., Kiwa, T., Hirano, Y.: A magnetic flux leakage method using a magnetoresistive sensor for nondestructive evaluation of spot welds. Nondestruct. Test. Eval. Int. 44, 101–105 (2011)
Chady, T., Enokizono, M.: Multi-frequency exciting and spectrogram-based ECT method. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 215–216, 700–703 (2000)
Lebrun, B., Jayet, Y., Baboux, J.C.: Pulsed eddy current signal analysis: application to the experimental detection and characterization of deep flaws in highly conductive materials. Nondestruct. Test. Eval. Int. 30, 163–170 (1997)
Kiwa, T., Kawata, T., Yamada, H., Tsukada, K.: Fourier-transformed eddy current technique to visualize cross-sections of conductive materials. Nondestruct. Test. Eval. Int. 40, 363–367 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tsukada, K., Miyake, K., Harada, D. et al. Magnetic Nondestructive Test for Resistance Spot Welds Using Magnetic Flux Penetration and Eddy Current Methods. J Nondestruct Eval 32, 286–293 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-013-0181-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-013-0181-0