Abstract
Nanocomposites based on chitin (CT) and cashew gum (CG) with different concentrations of silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag–ZnO) were prepared and characterized by FTIR, UV, XRD, TEM, SEM, DSC, TGA, electrical conductivity measurements. FTIR spectra showed that the characteristic absorption band of the blend was shifted to a higher frequency in nanocomposites, indicating the intermolecular interaction between the blend and nanoparticles. The change in the UV absorption of nanocomposites relative to that of pure blend indicated the successful encapsulation of crystalline metal oxide nanoparticles in the blend matrix. XRD patterns showed that the diffraction peak of the composites were shifted near to the metal oxide peak which indicated that the surface of Ag–ZnO was perpendicular to CT/CG and changed from a semi-crystalline nature to a crystalline structure. The morphological analysis using SEM and TEM showed a uniform attachment of nanoparticles within the CT/CG blend. DSC analysis showed the increased glass transition temperature by the addition of nanoparticles. Thermal stability of nanocomposites was higher than the blend and thermal stability increased with an increase in the content of nanoparticles. The different electrical properties such as AC conductivity and dielectric behaviour of the composites were increased with an increased loading of nanoparticles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gupta AP, Dev A, Kumar V (2012) Studies of novel chain linked biodegradable polymers. J Polym Environ 20:514–518
Scaffaro R, Dintcheva NT, Marino R, Mantia FPL (2012) Processing and properties of biopolymer/polyhydroxyalkanoates blends. J Polym Environ 20:267–272
Tudryn GJ. Smith LC, Freitaq J, Bucinell R, Schadler LS (2017 Processing and morphology impacts on mechanical properties of fungal based biopolymer composites. J Polym Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1047-9
Abe K, Ifuku S, Kawata M, Yano H (2014) Preparation of tough hydrogels based on β-chitin nanofibers via NaOH treatment. Cellulose 21:535–540
Chang C, Chen S, Zhang L (2011) Novel hydrogels prepared via direct dissolution of chitin at low temperature: structure and biocompatibility. J Mater Chem 21:3865–3871
Ramesan MT, Surya K (2016) Studies on electrical, thermal and corrosion behaviour of cashew tree gum grafted poly (acrylamide). Polym Renew Resour 7:81–89
Silva DA, Feitosa JPA, Maciea JS, Paula HCB, de Paul RCM (2006) Characterization of cross-linked cashew gum derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 66:16–26
Guilherme MR, Reis AV, Takahashim SH, Rubiram AF, Feitosam JPA, Munimz EC (2005) Synthesis of a novel superabsorbent hydrogel by copolymerization of acrylamide and cashew gum modified with glycidyl methacrylate. Carbohydr Polym 61:464–476
Fan Y, Saito T, Isogai A (2010) Individual chitin nano-whiskers prepared from partially deacetylated α-chitin by fibril surface cationization. Carbohydr Polym 79:1046–1051
Marx KA (2003) Quartz crystal microbalance: a useful tool for studying thin polymer films and complex biomolecular systems at the solution-surface interface. Biomacromolecules 4:1099–1120
Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2010) Aromatic-aliphatic poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) bionanocomposite: influence of organic modification on structure and properties. Polym Compos 31:1194–1204
Ramesan MT (2015) Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/magnetite nanocomposites: interaction of some liquid fuels, thermal and oil resistance studies. Polym Polym Compos 23:85–92
Ramesan MT, Nidhisha V, Jayakrishnan P (2017) Synthesis, characterization and conducting properties of novel poly (vinyl cinnamate)/zinc oxide nanocomposites via In situ polymerization. Mater Sci Semicond Process 63:253–260
Jeong SH, Park BN, Lee SB, Boo DH (2005) Structural and optical properties of silver-doped zinc oxide sputtered films. Surf Coat Technol 340–344
Silva RF, Zaniquelli MED (2002) Morphology of nanometric size particulate aluminium-doped zinc oxide films. Colloids Surf A 198–200:551–558
Nihmath A, Ramesan MT (2017) Preparation, characterization, thermal and Electrical properties of chlorinated EPDM/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites. J Inorg Organomet Polym 27:481–489
Georgekutty R, Seery MK, Pillai SC (2008) A highly efficient Ag-ZnO photocatalyst: synthesis, properties, and mechanism. J Phys Chem C 112:13563–13570
Ramesan MT, Jose C, Jayakrishnan P, Anilkumar T (2018) Multifunctional ternary composites of poly (vinyl alcohol)/cashew tree gum/pumice particles. Polym Compos 39:38–45
Kim YS, Tai WP, Shu SJ (2005) Effect of preheating temperature on structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films by sol–gel process. Thin Solid Films 491:153–160
Nge TT, Hori N, Takemura A, Ono H, Kimura T (2003) Synthesis and FTIR spectroscopic studies on shear induced oriented liquid crystalline chitin/poly(acrylic acid) composite. J Appl Polym Sci 90:1932–1940
Ramesan MT, Surya K (2016) Synthesis, characterization and properties of cashew gum graft poly (acrylamide)/magnetite nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 133:5431–5438
Ramesan MT, Varghese M, Jayakrishnan P, Periyat P (2016) Silver-doped zinc oxide as a nanofiller for development of poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blend nanocomposites. Adv Polym Technol. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv21650
Ramesan MT, Santhi V (2017) In situ synthesis, characterization, conductivity studies of polypyrrole/silver doped zinc oxide nanocomposites and their application for ammonia gas sensing. J Mater Sci 28:18804–18814
Rogovina SZ, Alexanyan CV, Prut EV (2011) Biodegradable blends based on chitin and chitosan: production, structure, and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 121:1850–1859
Sampreeth T, Al-Maghrabi MA, Bahuleyan B, Ramesan MT (2018) Synthesis, characterization, thermal properties, conductivity and sensor application study of polyaniline/cerium doped titanium dioxide nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 53:591–603
Ramesan MT, Athira VK, Jayakrishnan P, Gopinathan C (2016) Preparation, characterization, antibacterial and electrical properties of sericin/poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 133:5827–5836
Anilkumar T, Ramesan MT (2014) Synthesis and electrical conductivity studies of metal chloro and nitroxide group containing styrene butadiene rubber. AIP Conf Proc 1620:28–34
Ramesan MT, Nidhisha V, Jayakrishnan P (2017) Facile synthesis, characterization and material properties of novel poly (vinyl cinnamate)/nickel oxide nanocomposites. Polym Int 66:548–556
Huang C, Zhang QM, deBotton G, Bhattacharya K (2004) All-organic dielectric-percolative three-component composite materials with high electromechanical response. Appl Phys Lett 84:4391–4393
Ramajo L, Castro MS, Reboredo MM (2007) Effect of silane as coupling agent on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3-epoxy composites. Compos A 38:1852–1859
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thanks Prof. P. P. Pradyumnan, Department of Physics, University of Calicut and Prof. P. Pradeep, Department of Physics, NIT Calicut for providing necessary facilities in the department.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ramesan, M.T., Siji, C., Kalaprasad, G. et al. Effect of Silver Doped Zinc Oxide as Nanofiller for the Development of Biopolymer Nanocomposites from Chitin and Cashew Gum. J Polym Environ 26, 2983–2991 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1187-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1187-6