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Properties of Biocomposite Films From PLA and Thermally Treated Wood Modified with Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extracts of Oriental Sweetgum

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Abstract

The technological, thermal, and antimicrobial properties of biocomposite films produced from polylactic acid (PLA) and thermally treated wood flour with in situ generated nanosilver particles (AgNPs) using a bio-reduction method. The extracts of fresh leaves of the phenolic-rich Oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) tree were used as the reducing agent for silver ions. Six different formulations of the mixed raw materials were extruded in the co-rotating twin screw extruder. The PLA bicomposite films at the 5 and 10 wt% loading levels of wood flour were produced by a hot press method from the following six formulations: (a) thermally treated wood + leaf extract + AgNO3, (b) untreated wood + leaf extract + AgNO3, (c) thermally treated wood + AgNO3, (d) untreated wood + AgNO3, (e) thermally treated wood, (f) untreated wood, and (g) neat PLA. All biocomposite films produced with the untreated/treated wood flour at 5 and 10 wt% loading levels of wood flour showed better tensile modulus than the neat PLA specimens. In general, the tensile strength of the biocomposites was negatively affected by the increased content of the wood flour. The spectra obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the silver nanoparticles in the wood particles. The results showed that the biocomposite films produced with PLA and wood flour modified using silver nitrate and leaf extract had the highest tensile modulus. It was observed that the leaf extract treatment had a positive effect on the tensile properties of the biocomposite films at 10 wt% content of wood flour. The remarkable antimicrobial results was obtained by the prepared biocomposites treated with gram positive and gram negative clinical pathogens at maximum zone of clearance 2.6 mm treated with E. coli bacteria.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) grants fellowships for international scientists/researchers ‟2221”-Fellowships for Visiting Scientists and Scientists on Sabbatical Leave (Grant Number: 1059B211800552-Rajini Nagarajan). The authors would like to thank Dr. Angela Balzano for SEM-EDX analysis of the specimens under financial support of Slovenian Research Agency (P4-0015).

Funding

The funding was supported by Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu (Grant No. 1059B211800552) and Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS (SI) (Grant No. P4-0015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wood Mechanics and Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Bahcekoy, Sariyer, 34473, Istanbul, Turkey

    Nadir Ayrilmis & Elif Yurttaş

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ali Durmus

  3. Department of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Onikisubat, 46100, Kahramanmaras, Turkey

    Ferhat Özdemir

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India

    Rajini Nagarajan & Mayandi Kalimuthu

  5. Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Manja Kitek Kuzman

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  1. Nadir Ayrilmis
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Correspondence to Nadir Ayrilmis or Rajini Nagarajan.

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Ayrilmis, N., Yurttaş, E., Durmus, A. et al. Properties of Biocomposite Films From PLA and Thermally Treated Wood Modified with Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extracts of Oriental Sweetgum. J Polym Environ 29, 2409–2420 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02065-x

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