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Hierarchical ZSM-5 catalytic performance evaluated in the selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde using TBHP

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Abstract

Hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts with different Si/Al ratios (20, 60 and 100) were hydrothermally synthesized. The prepared samples were studied by several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The average crystallite size and crystallinity decreases with increasing Si/Al ratio, which is confirmed by XRD. FTIR analysis further confirms the formation of ZSM-5 by the presence of characteristic bending, stretching and framework vibration. The HR-TEM images showed that all the samples having disc-like nanostructures are assembled by many primary nanocrystals. The as-synthesized ZSM-5 zeolites are thermally stable, which is confirmed by DSC. The catalytic activity of ZSM-5 zeolites was evaluated in the selective oxidation of styrene using tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. Among the catalysts, ZSM-5(60) catalyst showed significantly higher yield of benzaldehyde at optimum conditions. The catalyst was recovered and recycled three times without a significant loss in activity and selectivity.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Prof. B. Viswanathan, NCCR, IIT-Madras for providing laboratory and characterization facilities to carry out this work. The authors would like to thank the Department of chemical engineering, IIT-Madras for carrying out HR-SEM studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, 600 034, India

    S. Narayanan, J. Judith Vijaya & C. Ragupathi

  2. National Centre for Catalysis Research, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India

    S. Narayanan & S. Sivasanker

  3. IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

    T. M. Sankaranarayanan

  4. Materials Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Chennai Campus, Chennai, 600 127, India

    L. John Kennedy

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  1. S. Narayanan
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  2. J. Judith Vijaya
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  3. S. Sivasanker
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  4. C. Ragupathi
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Correspondence to J. Judith Vijaya.

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Narayanan, S., Vijaya, J.J., Sivasanker, S. et al. Hierarchical ZSM-5 catalytic performance evaluated in the selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde using TBHP. J Porous Mater 23, 741–752 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-016-0129-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-016-0129-8

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