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Synthesis, characterisation and potential application of deoxycholic acid carboxymethyl chitosan as a carrier agent for rotenone

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Abstract

In the present study, deoxycholic acid carboxymethyl chitosan (DACMC) was synthesised via a two-step reaction, namely carboxymethylation and alkylation. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) Spectrometer, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) were used to characterise DACMC. Spherical self-aggregates of DACMC micelles with the size ranging from 91.3 to 140.0 nm was observed. DACMC was soluble in pH range studied (1–13), except pH 4. DACMC micelles were formed at critical concentration (CMC) value of 0.468 mg/mL. The ability of DACMC to encapsulate and load rotenone was determined at different weight ratios. The highest value of encapsulation efficiency (EE%) (more than 98%) was obtained for weight ratio of 100:1 (DACMC:Rotenone). The in vitro release data of rotenone-loaded DACMC followed Ritger and Peppas Case II transport mechanism. Results from this study highlight the potential of DACMC to reduce organic solvent application in water-insoluble pesticide production.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Ministry of Education Malaysia (FRGS 2014-0105-101-02) and Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) for providing research fund. MyBrain15 (MyMaster) Scholarship Award from Ministry of Education Malaysia to N.F.A. Aljafree is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tg. Malim, Perak, Malaysia

    N. F. A. Aljafree & A. Kamari

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  1. N. F. A. Aljafree
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  2. A. Kamari
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Correspondence to A. Kamari.

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Aljafree, N.F.A., Kamari, A. Synthesis, characterisation and potential application of deoxycholic acid carboxymethyl chitosan as a carrier agent for rotenone. J Polym Res 25, 133 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-018-1530-6

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