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Thorium removal from weakly acidic solutions using titan yellow-impregnated XAD-7 resin beads: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

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Abstract

To remove Th(IV) ion from acidic solutions (pH 2.5–2.7), an extractant-impregnated resin (EIR) was fabricated by impregnation of Ambelite XAD-7 resin beads with titan yellow as extractant. Various physicochemical factors such as pH, contact time, temperature, sorbent dose and initial concentration of thorium were investigated. The isotherm data was well interpreted by the Langmuir model. Kinetic experiments data showed that the sorption process could be described by Weber–Morris kinetic model. Thermodynamic studies revealed the feasibility, spontaneity and endothermic nature of sorption process. Desorption experiments showed that the EIR could be reused without significant losses of its initial capacity.

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Abbreviations

ARE:

Average relative error (%)

B :

Tempkin constant related to the heat of sorption

b:

Langmuir constant related to the free energy of sorption (L mg−1)

b M :

Langmuir constant related to the free energy of sorption (L mol−1)

C :

Intial concentration of thorium ion in solution

C e :

Equilibrium concentration of the metal ion in the bulk solution (mg L−1)

C r :

Total concentration of the exchangeable ion in resin phase

D b :

Diffusion coefficient in the solution bulk

D b :

Intra-particle diffusion coefficient (m2 s−1)

E :

Mean sorption energy estimated from Dubinin–Radushkevich (J mol−1)

k 1 :

Pseudo-first order rate constant (min−1)

k 2 :

Pseudo-second order rate constant (g mg−1 min−1)

K d :

Distribution coefficient (mL g−1)

K f :

Freundlich constant indicative of the relative sorption capacity of the EIR (mg1−(1/n) L1/n g−1)

K id :

Intra-particle diffusion constant (mg g−1 min−1/2)

K T :

Equilibrium binding constant, Tempkin constant (L g−1)

I :

Intercept in the intraparticle diffusion model (mg g−1)

m :

EIR dose, weight of EIR per liter of solution (g L−1)

N :

Number of measurements

n :

Freundlich constant indicative of the heterogeneity factor

q 0 :

Maximum sorption capacity based on Dubinin–Radushkevich model (mol g−1)

q e :

Amount of metal ion sorbed per unit weight of EIR at equilibrium (mg g−1)

q e.cal :

Theoretical q e values obtained from the kinetic or isotherm models (mg g−1)

q e.exp :

Experimental q e values (mg g−1)

q max :

Maximum sorption capacity; Langmuir constant (mg g−1)

q max,exp :

Maximum experimental sorption capacity (mg g−1)

q t :

Amount of metal ion sorbed at any time t (mg g−1)

R :

Universal gas constant (J mol−1 K−1)

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient

r 0 :

Mean radius of the EIR particles (m)

R%:

Removal efficiency (%)

R L :

Dimensionless separation factor

RMSE:

Root mean square error (%)

T :

Temperature (K)

t :

Time (min)

V :

Solution volume (L or mL)

W :

Weight of EIR (mg)

X t :

Degree of fractional attainment to equilibrium at time t

ΔG°:

Gibb’s free energy change (J mol−1)

∆H°:

Enthalpy change (J mol−1)

∆S°:

Entropy change (J mol−1 K−1)

Δq % :

Normalized standard deviation (%)

α :

Elovich constant indicative of the initial sorption rate (mg g−1 min−1)

β :

Elovich constant indicative of the desorption constant (g mg−1)

δ :

Dubinin–Radushkevich constant related to the sorption energy (mol2 J−2)

ε :

Polanyi potential

ω :

Thickness of the liquid film surrounding the sorbent beads

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the financial support of the present work from the Central Research Council of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences (Grant 3930101102). In addition, the authors wish to take this opportunity to express their sincere thanks to Prof. Mohammad Mohammad–Zadeh, the research council president of Sabzevar University of medical Science, for his great helps and supports during the experimental works.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wastewater Division, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 319, Sabzevar, Iran

    Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad Allahabadi, Abolfazl Rahmani-Sani, Ayoob Rastegar, Ramzanali Khamirchi, Reza Hekmat-Shoar & Zahra Pajohankia

  2. Department of Engineering, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO Box 161, Kashmar, Iran

    Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei

  3. Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

    Mohammad Mehrpouyan

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  1. Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei
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Hosseini-Bandegharaei, A., Allahabadi, A., Rahmani-Sani, A. et al. Thorium removal from weakly acidic solutions using titan yellow-impregnated XAD-7 resin beads: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 309, 761–776 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4689-x

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