Skip to main content
Log in

Synergistic effects of zinc oxide with layered double hydroxides in EVA/LDH composites

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The synergistic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) with layered double hydroxides (LDH) in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/LDH (EVA/LDH) composites have been studied using thermal analysis (TG), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 tests, and cone calorimeter test (CCT). The results from the UL-94 tests show that the ZnO can also act as flame retardant synergistic agents in the EVA/LDH composites. The CCT data indicated that the addition of ZnO in EVA/LDH system can greatly reduce the heat release rate. The TG data show that the ZnO can increase the thermal degradation temperature and the charred residues after burning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

References

  1. Jiao CM, Wang ZZ, Ye Z, Hu Y, Fan WC. Flame retardation of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer using nano magnesium hydroxide and nano hydrotalcite. J Fire Sci. 2006;24:47–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ye L, Ding P, Zhang M, Qu BJ. Synergistic effects of exfoliated LDH with some halogen-free flame retardants in LDPE/EVA/HFMH/LDH nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2008;107:3694–701.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jiao CM, Wang ZZ, Chen XL, Hu Y. Synthesis of a magnesium/aluminum/iron layered double hydroxide and its flammability characteristics in halogen-free, flame-retardant ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer composites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2008;107:2626–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang M, Ding P, Qu BJ, Guan AG. A new method to prepare flame retardant polymer composites. J Mater Process Tech. 2008;208:342–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Nyambo C, Kandare E, Wang DY, Wilkie CA. Flame-retarded polystyrene: investigating chemical interactions between ammonium polyphosphate and MgAl layered double hydroxide. Polym Degrad Stab. 2008;93:1656–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhao CX, Liu Y, Wang DY, Wang DL, Wang YZ. Synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate and layered double hydroxide on flame retardant properties of poly(vinyl alcohol). Polym Degrad Stab. 2008;93:1323–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang GB, Ding P, Zhang M, Qu BJ. Synergistic effects of layered double hydroxide with hyperfine magnesium hydroxide in halogen-free flame retardant EVA/HFMH/LDH nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab. 2007;92:1715–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jiao CM, Wang ZZ, Hu Y. Irradiation crosslinking and halogen-free flame retardation of EVA using hydrotalcite and red phosphorus. Radiat Phys Chem. 2006;75:557–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kong QH, Hu Y, Song L, Wang YL, Chen ZY, Fan WC. Influence of Fe-MMT on crosslinking and thermal degradation in silicone rubber/clay nanocomposites. Polym Adv Technol. 2006;17:463–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kong QH, Hu Y, Yang L, Fan WC, Chen ZY. Synthesis and properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites using natural montmorillonite and synthetic Fe-montmorillonite by emulsion polymerization. Polym Compos. 2006;27:49–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang Y, Hu Y, Song L, Wu J, Fang SL. Influence of Fe-MMT on the fire retarding behavior and mechanical property of (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/magnesium hydroxide) composite. Polym Adv Technol. 2008;19:960–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Schartel B, Bartholmai M, Knoll U. Some comments on the main fire retardancy mechanisms in polymer nanocomposites. Polym Adv Technol. 2006;17:772–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ye L, Qu BJ. Flammability characteristics and flame retardant mechanism of phosphate-intercalated hydrotalcite in halogen-free flame retardant EVA blends. Polym Degrad Stab. 2008;93:918–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Grexa O, Lübke H. Flammability parameters of wood tested on a cone calorimeter. Polym Degrad Stab. 2001;74:427–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fu MZ, Qu BJ. Synergistic flame retardant mechanism of fumed silica in ethylene-vinyl acetate/magnesium hydroxide blends. Polym Degrad Stab. 2004;85:633–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tang Y, Lewin M. New aspects of migration and flame retardancy in polymer nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab. 2008;93:1986–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tang Y, Lewin M. Maleated polypropylene OMMT nanocomposite: annealing, structural changes, exfoliated and migration. Polym Degrad Stab. 2007;92:53–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Almeras X, Le Bras M, Hornsby P, Bourbigot S, Marosi G, Keszei S, et al. Effect of fillers on the fire retardancy of intumescent polypropylene compounds. Polym Degrad Stab. 2003;82:325–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Li ZZ, Qu BJ. Flammability characterization and synergistic effects of expandable graphite with magnesium hydroxide in halogen-free flame-retardant EVA blends. Polym Degrad Stab. 2003;81:401–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Mostashari SM, Baie S. Thermogravimetry studies of cotton fabric’s flame-retardancy by means of synergism of lithium bromide and antimony trioxide. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;94:97–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Varesano A, Tonin C, Ferrero F, Stringhetta M. Thermal stability and flame resistance of polypyrrole-coated PET fibres. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;94:559–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Howell BA. Temperature programmed desorption analysis of sol–gel-derived titania films. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;89:373–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Gao M, Wu W, Yan Y. Thermal degradation and flame retardancy of epoxy resins containing intumescent flame retardant. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;95:605–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Salgado J, Paz-Andrade MI. The effect of firesorb as a fire retardant on the thermal properties of a heated soil. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;95:837–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zanetti M, Kashiwagi T, Falqui L, Camino G. Cone calorimeter combustion and gasification studies of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Chem Mater. 2002;14:881–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Costache MC, Jiang DD, Wilkie CA. Thermal degradation of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer nanocomposites. Polymer. 2005;46:6947–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zanetti M, Costa L. Preparation and combustion behaviour of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites based upon PE and EVA. Polymer. 2004;45:4367–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gregoriou VG, Kandilioti G, Bollas ST. Chain conformational transformations in syndiotactic polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites during mechanical elongation and thermal treatment. Polymer. 2005;46:11340–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Fire Science (No. HZ2008-KF01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50876048) are gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chuanmei Jiao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jiao, C., Chen, X. Synergistic effects of zinc oxide with layered double hydroxides in EVA/LDH composites. J Therm Anal Calorim 98, 813–818 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0197-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0197-y

Keywords

Navigation