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Development of a new density correlation for carbon-based nanofluids using response surface methodology

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Abstract

Density is among the fundamental thermo-physical characteristics of fluids that are examined prior to carrying out performance analysis of the fluid. In this study, the effect of the design variables on the density of nanofluids was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The quadratic model produced by RSM was employed to determine the performance factors, i.e., mass concentration and temperature with reasonably good accuracy. Improved experimental correlations were proposed for the density prediction of the carbon-based nanofluids based on the experimental data. Experimentally measured densities of two different nanofluids at the nanoparticle mass concentration of up to 0.1% and the temperature range of 20–40 °C were examined. The improvement in densities compared to the density of base fluid at 20 and 40 °C is approximately 0.15% for 0.1% fraction of MWCNT–COOH nanoparticles. Additionally, the densities of F-GNP nanofluids are increased by 0.056% compared to the density of distilled water. As a final point, the RSM results were compared with the results which got from the empirical data. It was detected that the optimal RSM model is accurate and the absolute maximum deviation measured values from the predicted densities of MWCNT–COOH and F-GNP nanofluids are 0.012 and 0.009%, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge UMRG Grant RP045C-17AET, University of Malaya, Malaysia, for support to conduct this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Elham Montazer, Erfan Salami, Hooman Yarmand, S. N. Kazi & A. Badarudin

  2. Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Zaira Zaman Chowdhury

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mahidzal Dahari

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  1. Elham Montazer
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  2. Erfan Salami
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  6. S. N. Kazi
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Correspondence to Elham Montazer or S. N. Kazi.

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All authors have received research grants from University of Malaya. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Montazer, E., Salami, E., Yarmand, H. et al. Development of a new density correlation for carbon-based nanofluids using response surface methodology. J Therm Anal Calorim 132, 1399–1407 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6978-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6978-4

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