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An overview on the effect of ultrasonication duration on different properties of nanofluids

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Abstract

Preparation of nanofluid is of prime importance to obtain better thermal and physical properties. Different preparation parameters used in nanofluid preparation sometimes perform contrarily even if prepared with same nanoparticles and base fluid. Stability, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of the nanofluid are significantly affected by the cluster (agglomerate) size of nanoparticles in the base fluid which deteriorate thermal performance. In order to break the agglomerates and improve the dispersion of nanoparticles, ultrasonication is a more prevalent method. Nanofluids react differently for different sonication time and the reaction of the nanofluid with the change in sonication time varies for different nanofluids, which is dependent on various factors. In this regard, research works pertinent to the effect of ultrasonication on different properties of nanofluids are confined. In this paper, review of investigations carried out on experimentally evaluated ultrasonication effects on thermal properties and various physical properties of nanofluid. It is found that with an increased sonication time/energy, reduces the particle size and thus aids in obtaining a better dispersion leading to enhancement of stability, thermal conductivity and reducing viscosity. However, the longer ultrasonication duration was not found to be better in all cases where best performance was obtained for an optimum duration of ultrasonication.

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Abbreviations

Al2O3 :

Alumina

CTAB:

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

DMF:

Dimethylformamide

DW:

Double walled

EG:

Ethylene glycol

FW:

Few walled

FE:

Field emission

GNP:

Graphene nanopowder

GA:

Gum arabic

MW:

Multi-walled

Mg(OH)2 :

Magnesium hydroxide

o-DCB:

Ortho-dichlorobenzene

PU:

Poly-urethane

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SW:

Single walled

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

TiO2 :

Titania

Vol%:

Volume concentration percentage

W:

Water

XRD:

X-ray powder diffraction

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Mangaluru, India

    Asif Afzal, Ibrahim Nawfal & Sunil Siddalingappa Kumbar

  2. Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRERE), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    I. M. Mahbubul

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  1. Asif Afzal
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  3. I. M. Mahbubul
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Correspondence to Asif Afzal.

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Afzal, A., Nawfal, I., Mahbubul, I.M. et al. An overview on the effect of ultrasonication duration on different properties of nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 393–418 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7144-8

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