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Parallel finite volume method-based fluid flow computations using OpenMP and CUDA applying different schemes

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Abstract

Parallelization of inhouse develpoed code for numerical computations on heterogeneous computing machine is becoming common. As the numerical solvers and problem complexity are evolving, the parallel computing facilities are also growing. This research study deals with the use of four different schemes to parallelly compute the numerical flow equations based on the finite volume method. The different schemes proposed are applied for parallelization using central processing units and graphical processing units. Open multiprocessing (OpenMP) and compute unified device architecture (CUDA) are the parallel computing tools used for parallelization of the code applying four schemes, viz. red and black successive over-relaxation (RBSOR), wavefront, combined RBSOR and wavefront, and alternate RBSOR and wavefront scheme. The flow analysis is carried out for internal and external flow at different Reynolds numbers on dissimilar machines having their individual computational capability. Speedup obtained and parallel efficiency achieved using the proposed unusual parallelization method are investigated separately. The grid size for both the flow conditions is fixed during the parallel computation performance analysis. The RBSOR scheme provided the maximum speedup in all cases of flow, scheme, and tool used. The wavefront scheme provides the lowest speedup and parallel efficiency. The alternate scheme is better than the wavefront scheme and combined scheme using OpenMP. The speedup achieved and parallel efficiency obtained for the CUDA parallelized code are in the range of 200 × and 70%, respectively, applying the RBSOR scheme.

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Abbreviations

A r :

Aspect ratio of a battery cell

C :

Constant of Ar

L :

Length of battery cell (m)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W MK−1)

l o :

Length of extra outlet fluid domain (m)

l i :

Length of extra fluid domain (m)

h :

Convective heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 k−1)

L o :

Dimensionless length of extra outlet fluid domain

L i :

Dimensionless length of extra inlet fluid domain

Nu :

Nusselt number

q‴ :

Volumetric heat generation (W m−3)

S̅ q :

Dimensionless volumetric heat generation

Pr :

Prandtl number

Re :

Reynolds number

T :

Temperature

T o :

Maximum allowable temperature of battery cell (k)

T̅ :

Non-dimensional temperature

u :

Velocity along the axial direction (m s−1)

U :

Non-dimensional velocity along the axial direction

u ∞ :

Free stream velocity (m s−1)

v :

Velocity along the transverse direction (m s−1)

p :

Pressure (N m−2)

P :

Non-dimensional pressure

V :

Non-dimensional velocity along the transverse direction

w :

Half-width (m)

W :

Non-dimensional width

x :

Axial direction

X :

Non-dimensional axial direction

y :

Transverse direction

Y :

Non-dimensional transverse direction

α :

Thermal diffusivity of fluid (m2 s−1)

ν :

Kinematic viscosity of fluid (m2 s−1)

ρ :

Density of fluid (kg m−3)

ζ cc :

Conduction–convection parameter

avg:

Average

c:

Center

f:

Fluid domain

m:

Mean

s:

Solid domain (battery cell)

∞ :

Free stream

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Research Group Program under Grant No. GRP/129/42.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering (Affiliated To Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Mangaluru, 574153, India

    Asif Afzal

  2. International Research Establishment for Energy and Environment (IREEE), Vallikunnam, Alappuzha, Kerala, 690501, India

    Asif Afzal

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, PO Box 394, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    C. Ahamed Saleel

  4. ACU-Centre for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, 571448, India

    K. Prashantha

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidhya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India

    Suvanjan Bhattacharyya

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, T K M College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India

    Mohammed Sadhikh

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  1. Asif Afzal
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Correspondence to Asif Afzal or Suvanjan Bhattacharyya.

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Afzal, A., Saleel, C.A., Prashantha, K. et al. Parallel finite volume method-based fluid flow computations using OpenMP and CUDA applying different schemes. J Therm Anal Calorim 145, 1891–1909 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10637-1

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