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Matrix quality and habitat configuration interactively determine functional connectivity in a widespread bush cricket at a small spatial scale

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Abstract

Unlike rare or specialised species, widespread abundant species have often been neglected when studying effects of habitat fragmentation. However, recently, it was shown that in the widespread abundant bush cricket Pholidoptera griseoaptera gene flow becomes restricted when the share of suitable habitat dropped below a threshold of 20% at the landscape scale. Here, using the same highly fragmented landscape, we studied the impact of habitat configuration and matrix quality on genetic variation and population differentiation of P. griseoaptera at a small spatial scale. We investigated four clusters of three populations that were either disconnected or connected and had either low quality (arable land) or high quality (grassland) matrix. The number of alleles was significantly lower in disconnected than in connected clusters, irrespective of matrix quality. Genetic differentiation was equally high in the two disconnected clusters and in the connected cluster with low quality matrix (G ST ≥ 0.030; D ≥ 0.082), whereas it was significantly reduced when connected habitats were embedded in a high quality grassland matrix (G ST = 0.004; D = 0.011). Analyses of least-cost paths showed that grassy landscape elements in fact represent high quality matrix, but that linear grassy margins are costly for dispersal. The effect of habitat configuration on genetic diversity may be explained by lower effective population sizes in disconnected habitats. The fact that only the connected populations in high quality matrix were not differentiated indicates that landscape management should simultaneously consider habitat configuration and matrix quality to effectively promote small and dispersal-limited species, also at small spatial scales.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the German Research Foundation in context of the Collaborative Research Centre 299 (SFB 299). The authors would like to thank T. Reiners and J. Grosenick for field assistance and A. Shaver, I. Geier, M. Herrmann, G. Hornemann and S. Rauch for laboratory assistance and R. Klenke and G. Pe’er for helping with the least-cost path analysis. We also thank K. Scholz and J. Scholz for improving the English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IFZ-Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Rebecca Lange, Tim Diekötter, Lisa A. Schiffmann & Volkmar Wolters

  2. Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle, Germany

    Walter Durka

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  1. Rebecca Lange
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Correspondence to Rebecca Lange.

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Lange, R., Diekötter, T., Schiffmann, L.A. et al. Matrix quality and habitat configuration interactively determine functional connectivity in a widespread bush cricket at a small spatial scale. Landscape Ecol 27, 381–392 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9692-1

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