Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Triphala on oxidative stress and on cell-mediated immune response against noise stress in rats

  • Published:
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Stress is one of the basic factors in the etiology of number of diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Triphala (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis) on noise-stress induced alterations in the antioxidant status and on the cell-mediated immune response in Wistar strain male albino rats. Noise-stress employed in this study was 100 dB for 4 h/d/15 days and Triphala was used at a dose of 1 g/kg/b.w/48 days. Eight different groups of rats namely, non-immunized: control, Triphala, noise-stress, Triphala with noise-stress, and corresponding immunized groups were used. Sheep red blood cells (5×109 cells/ml) were used to immunize the animals. Biochemical indicators of oxidative stress namely lipid peroxidation, antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), ascorbic acid in plasma and tissues (thymus and spleen) and SOD, GPx and corticosterone level in plasma were estimated. Cell-mediated immune response namely foot pad thickness (FPT) and leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test were performed only in immunized groups. Results showed that noise-stress significantly increased the lipid peroxidation and corticosterone level with concomitant depletion of antioxidants in plasma and tissues of both non-immunized and immunized rats. Noise-stress significantly suppressed the cell-mediated immune response by decreased FPT with an enhanced LMI test. The supplementation with Triphala prevents the noise-stress induced changes in the antioxidant as well as cell-mediated immune response in rats. This study concludes that Triphala restores the noise-stress induced changes may be due to its antioxidant properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chrousos GP, Gold PW: The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. J Am Med Assoc 267: 1244–1252, 1992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Maier SF, Watkins LR: Cytokines for psychologists: Implications for bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition. Psychol Rev 105: 83–107, 1998

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lopaczyski W, Zeisel SH: Antioxidants, programmed cell death, and cancer. Nutr Res 21: 295–307, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  4. Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB: Physiology and pharmacology of corticotropin-releasing factor. Pharmacol Rev 91: 425–473, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  5. McIntosh LJ, Sapolsky RM: Glucocorticoids increase the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and enhance adriamycin-induced toxicity in neuronal culture. Exp Neurol 141: 201–206, 1996

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Cunnick JE, Lysle DT, Kucinski BJ, Rabin BS: Evidence that shock-induced immune suppression is mediated by adrenal hormones and peripheral-adrenergic receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 36: 645–651, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Gotz ME, Kunig G, Reiderer Y: Oxidative stress: free radical production in neural degeneration. Pharmacol Ther 63 (1): 37–122, 1994

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Halliwell B: Antioxidants in disease mechanisms and therapy, in: H. Sies (ed.), Advances in Pharmacology, Vol. 38. Academic Press, New York, 1997, pp. 3–17

    Google Scholar 

  9. Khopde SM, Priyadarsini KI, Mohan H, Gawandi VB, Satav JG, Yakhmi JV, Banavaliker MM, Biyani MK, Mittal JP: Characterising the antioxidant activity of amla (Phyllanthus emblica) extract. Curr Sci 81: 185–190, 2001

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Pallabi DE, Dasgupta SC, Gomes A: Immunopotenting activity of immune–21; A polyherbal product. Ind J Pharmacol 30: 163–168, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ram Chandra Reddy V, Ramana Kumari SV, Madhava Reddy B, Azeem MA, Prabhakar MC, Appa Rao AVN: Cardiotonic activity of the fruits of Terminalia chebula. Fitoterapia 61: 517–524, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hozumi T, Oyama H: Crude drugs for treating AIDS. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 87,185, 1997

  13. Rani G, Bala S, Grover I.S: Antimutagenic studies of diethyl ether extract and tannin fractions of Emblica myrobalan (Emblica officinalis) in Ames assay. J Plant Sci Res 10: 1–4, 1994

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. El-Mekkawey M, Merelhy M: Inhibitory effects of Egyptian folk medicines on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase. Chem Pharm Bull 43: 641–648, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sabu MC, Ramadasan Kuttan: Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. J Ethnopharmacol 81: 155–160, 2002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bhattacharya A, Chatterjee A, Ghoshal S, Bhattacharya SK: Antioxidant activity of tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla). Indian J Exp Biol 37(7): 676–680, 1999

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Takagi N, Sanashiro T: ‘Health foods containing antioxidative and anti-allergy food materials. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 00,070, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mediratta PK, Sharma KK: Role of benzodiazepine-GABA receptor complex in stress-induced modulation of leucocyte migration inhibition factor. Indian J Pharmacol 29: 228–232, 1997

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sahin K, Sahin N, Onderci M, Yaralıoglu S, Kucuk O: Protective role of supplemental vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, vitamins E, A, and some mineral concentrations of broilers reared under heat stress. Vet Med Czech 46: 140–144, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cohen S, Williamson GM: Stress and infectious disease in humans. Psychol Bull 109: 5–24, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Berglund B, Lindvall T, Schwela DH: Guidelines for Community Noise. World Health Organization (eds.), London, 1999

  22. Wu W, Yamaura T, Murakami K, Murata J, Matsumoto K, Watanabe H, Saiki I: Social isolation stress enhanced liver metastasis of murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells by suppressing immune responses in mice. Life Sci 66: 1827–1838, 2000

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. McEwen BS: The neurobiology of stress: from serendipity to clinical relevance (1). Brain Res 886: 172–189, 2000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Mastorakos G, Ilias I: Maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Postpartumrelated disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 900: 95–106, 2000

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Srikumar R, Jeya parthasarathy N, Sheela devi R: Immunomodulatory activity of Triphala on neutrophil functions. Biol Pharm Bull. 28 (8): 1398–1403, 2005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Feldman S, Conforti N: Particiption of dorsal hippocampus in the glucocorticoid feedback effect on adrenocortical activity. Neuroendocrinology 30: 52–55, 1980

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K: Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95: 351–358, 1979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Marklund S, Marklund G: Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxication of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47: 469–474, 1974

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Sinha AK: Calorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem 47: 389–394, 1972

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG: Selenium biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179: 588–590, 1973

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Omaye ST, Turnbull JD, Sauberlich HE: Selected methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissues and fluids. Methods Enzymol 62: 3–11, 1979

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265–275, 1951

    Google Scholar 

  33. Mattingly D: A simple fluorimetric method for the estimation of free 11-hydroxycorticoids in human plasma. J Clin Pathol 15: 374, 1962

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Tewari S, Seshadri M, Poduval TB: Migration inhibition of normal rat thymocytes as an invitro method of detecting cell mediated immunity in rat and mouse. J Immunol Meth 51: 231–239, 1982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kojo S, Tanaka K, Tokumaru S: Oxidative stress and vitamins. Nippon Rinsho 57(10): 2325–2331, 1999

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kapil A, Sharma S: Immunopotentiating compounds from Tinospora cordifolia. J Ethnopharmacol 58: 89–95, 1997

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Matalona ST, Ornoyb A, Lishner A: Review of the potential effects of three commonly used antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drugs (cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, doxorubicin on the embryo and placenta). Reprod Toxicol 18(2): 219–230, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  38. Parra Cid T, Conejo Garcia JR, Carballo Alvarez F, de Arriba G: Antioxidant nutrients protect against cyclosporine. A nephrotoxicity. Toxicology 189: 99–111, 2003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Mate JM, Perez-Gomez C, Decastro IN: Antixoidant enzymes and human diseases. Clin Biochem 32: 595–603, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  40. Teixeira HD, Schumacher RI, Meneghini R: Lower intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels in cells overexpressing CuZn-superoxide dismutase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 7872–7875, 1998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Matés JM, Sánchez-Jiménez F: Antioxidant enzymes and their implications in pathophysiologic processes. Front Biosci 4: 339–345, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  42. Sigalov AB, Stern LJ: Enzymatic repair of oxidative damage to human apolipoprotein A-I. FEBS Lett 433: 196–200, 1998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Beyer RE: The role of ascorbate in antioxidant protection of biomembranes: interaction with vitamin E and coenzyme Q. J Bioenerg Biomembr 26: 349–358, 1994

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sgambato A, Ardito R, Faraglia B, Boninsegna A, Wolf FI, Cittadini A: Resveratrol, a natural phenolic compound, inhibits cell proliferation and prevents oxidative DNA damage. Mutat Res 496: 171–180, 2001

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Haslam E: Natural polyphenols (vegetable tannins) as drugs: Possible mode of action. J Nat Prod 59: 205–215, 1996

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kraut EH, Sagone AL: The effect of oxidant injury on the lymphocyte membrane and functions. J Lab Clin Med 98: 697–703, 1981

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hassan JO, Curtiss R: Virulent Salmonella typhimurium-induced lymphocyte depletion and immunosuppression in chickens. Infect Immun 62 (5): 2027–2036, 1994

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Janeway CA, Travers P: Immunobiology, 3rd edn. Garland, New York, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  49. Talwar GP, Gupta SK (Eds.): A Handbook of Practical and Clinical Immunology, vol. 1, 2nd edn. CSB Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India, pp. 270–281, 1992

  50. Kugler J, Kalvaram KT, Lange KW: Acute, not chronic exposure to unpredictable noise periods affects splenic lymphocytes and plasma corticosterone in the mouse. Int J Neurosci 51: 233–234, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Ader R, Cohen N: Phychoneuroimmunology: conditioning and stress. Ann Rev Psychol 44: 53–85, 1993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Franco PO, Marelli O, Lattuada D, Locatelli V, Cocchi D, Muller EE: Influence of growth hormone on the immunosuppressive effect of prednisolone in mice. Acta Endocrinol 123: 339, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Cidlowski JA, King KL, Evans-Storms RB, Montague JW, Bortner CD, Hughes FM: The biochemistry and molecular biology of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the immune system. Recent Prog Hormone Res 51: 457, 1996

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Dr ALM.PG. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

    Ramasundaram Srikumar, Narayanaperumal Jeya Parthasarathy, Sundaramagalingam Manikandan, Govindarajulu Sathya Narayanan & Rathinasamy Sheeladevi

  2. Department of Physiology, Dr ALM. PG. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, 600 113

    Rathinasamy Sheeladevi

Authors
  1. Ramasundaram Srikumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Narayanaperumal Jeya Parthasarathy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sundaramagalingam Manikandan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Govindarajulu Sathya Narayanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rathinasamy Sheeladevi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rathinasamy Sheeladevi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Srikumar, R., Parthasarathy, N.J., Manikandan, S. et al. Effect of Triphala on oxidative stress and on cell-mediated immune response against noise stress in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 283, 67–74 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-006-2271-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-006-2271-0

Key Words

Search

Navigation