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Random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter simple sequence repeat markers reveals genetic diversity between micro propagated, wild and field cultivated genotypes of Gloriosa superba: an endangered medicinal plant

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Abstract

Gloriosa superba L., an endangered medicinal plant with global interest due to presence of colchicine, an important alkaloid used in formulations of Indian and Traditional medicine. The plant has become endangered due to its unscientifically exploitation and high medicinal values. In the Present study 10 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 6 ISSR markers were employed to assess genetic divergence among micro propagated, wild and field cultivated plants of Gloriosa superba collected from different parts of India. In RAPD analysis, all the 10 accession with 10 RAPD primers amplified 466 fragments, with 96.43 % polymorphism and with an average of 46.6 bands per primer. The size of amplicons varied from 1656 to 100 bp. While, ISSR primers produced 328 fragments of which 298 were polymorphic with an average of 49.7 bands per primer with 91.83% polymorphism. The size of amplicons ranges from 2395 to 181 bp. RAPD, ISSR markers were also assessed by calculating polymorphic information content (PIC) to discriminate the genotypes, Average PIC value for RAPD, ISSR and combined RAPD + ISSR markers obtained was ≤ 0.50 suggesting the informativeness of markers. Jaccard’s coefficient ranges from 0.18 to 0.75 (RAPD) and 0.17 to 0.61 (ISSR) and 0.21–0.52 for pooled ISSR and RAPD markers. The clustering pattern based on UPGMA analysis of the genotypes in the combined analysis revealed that the majority of the genotypes remained similar to the ISSR dendrogram, while the RAPD-based dendrogram showed some variation in the clustering of genotypes. The result of PCA scattered plot obtained were in agreement with the UPGMA dendrogram, which further confirms the genetic relationships explain by cluster analysis. Results confirmed that the genotype studied had good genetic diversity and can be used for identification, conservation, and future breeding program of Gloriosa species and consequently for the benefit of the pharmaceutical industries.

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Abbreviations

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

ISSR:

Inter simple sequence repeats

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

PIC:

Polymorphic information content

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic averaging algorithm

PCA:

Principal component analysis

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Acknowledgements

The authors are sincerely thankful to the Director General, Madhya Pradesh Council of Science and Technology, Vigyan Bhawan, Nehru Nagar, for providing all the necessary facilities to conduct the research. We also thank Dr SS Asthana for editing the Manuscript. We also thank our reviewers for improving the earlier draft by their constructive comments to finalize the manuscript.

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  1. Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, M.P. Council of Science and Technology, Vigyan Bhawan, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003, India

    Anita Tilwari & Rajesh Sharma

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Laboratory experiment work was performed by AT with the help of laboratory staff. AT has analyzed the data, written and critically reviewed the manuscript. Collection of samples was done by AT with the help of AK from Different parts of India. Facilities in the lab are provided by RS.

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Tilwari, A., Sharma, R. Random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter simple sequence repeat markers reveals genetic diversity between micro propagated, wild and field cultivated genotypes of Gloriosa superba: an endangered medicinal plant. Mol Biol Rep 48, 2437–2452 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06278-0

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