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A video steganography algorithm based on Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi tracking algorithm and error correcting codes

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Abstract

Due to the significant growth of video data over the Internet, video steganography has become a popular choice. The effectiveness of any steganographic algorithm depends on the embedding efficiency, embedding payload, and robustness against attackers. The lack of the preprocessing stage, less security, and low quality of stego videos are the major issues of many existing steganographic methods. The preprocessing stage includes the procedure of manipulating both secret data and cover videos prior to the embedding stage. In this paper, we address these problems by proposing a novel video steganographic method based on Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) tracking using Hamming codes (15, 11). The proposed method consists of four main stages: a) the secret message is preprocessed using Hamming codes (15, 11), producing an encoded message, b) face detection and tracking are performed on the cover videos, determining the region of interest (ROI), defined as facial regions, c) the encoded secret message is embedded using an adaptive LSB substitution method in the ROIs of video frames. In each facial pixel 1 LSB, 2 LSBs, 3 LSBs, and 4 LSBs are utilized to embed 3, 6, 9, and 12 bits of the secret message, respectively, and d) the process of extracting the secret message from the RGB color components of the facial regions of stego video is executed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher embedding capacity as well as better visual quality of stego videos. Furthermore, the two preprocessing steps increase the security and robustness of the proposed algorithm as compared to state-of-the-art methods.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are sincerely thankful to the associate editor and anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions and constructive comments which improved the quality of our research work. We are also grateful to Ms. Camy Deck of English department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, USA for proofreading of our work.

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  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT, 06604, USA

    Ramadhan J. Mstafa & Khaled M. Elleithy

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  1. Ramadhan J. Mstafa
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Correspondence to Ramadhan J. Mstafa.

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Mstafa, R.J., Elleithy, K.M. A video steganography algorithm based on Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi tracking algorithm and error correcting codes. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 10311–10333 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3060-0

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