Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Robust and hybrid SVD-based image watermarking schemes:

A survey

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

These days, researchers have used many techniques in e-multimedia data for intellectual property protection. One of these important techniques is watermarking which is superior to Digital Signature because it does not rise overhead and it can prevent unauthorized users from misusing digital information. However, the number of attacks with aim of distorting watermark signal or disturbing watermarks detecting are exploding. Consequently, the watermark techniques have became more complicated, but still they are not fully robust against some geometric distortions. To overcome this issue and to be enough robust against the malicious attacks, and provide a high level of imperceptibility,the watermark schemes have discovered and developed the advantages by means of Singular-value decomposition. Therefore, in recent decades there has been a significant increasing in using of SVD domain in many new image watermarking schemes, which show high robustness and imperceptibility. This discussion of SVD in image watermarking schemes included: a concise overview on watermarking systems, a brief review on SVD properties in image processing and its weaknesses, the concept of SVD components, the main classification of different SVD based image-watermarking schemes; a brief summary of various secure SVD-based watermarking techniques and all major SVD coefficients modifying strategies are presented. In addition, potential issues and some existing solutions and guidelines are provided. Furthermore, the performance comparisons of the discussed techniques are presented in tabular format. This article contribution provides essential and potential information for the researchers to design, develop and implement efficient robust and hybrid SVD-based image watermarking systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

SVD::

Singular Value Decomposition

SSVD::

Shuffled SVD

SNR::

Signal to Noise Ratio

PSNR::

Peak Signal to Noise Ratio

MSE::

Mean Square Error

NC::

Normalized correlation

NCC::

Normalized Cross Correlation

BER::

Bit Error Ratio

IDWT::

Invariant Discrete Wavelet Transform

RDWT::

Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform

DWT::

Discrete Wavelet Transform

DCT::

Discrete Cosine Transform

IWT::

Integer Wavelet Transform

RGB::

Red Green Blue Transform

HVS::

Human Visual System

ECG::

Electro- Cardiogram

SSIM::

Structural Similarity Index Metric

DE::

Differential Evolution Algorithm

PSO::

Particle Swarm Optimization

GA::

Genetic Algorithm

FA::

Firefly Algorithm

ABC::

Artificial Bee Colony

References

  1. Abdelhakim AM, Saleh HI, Nassar AM (2017) A quality guaranteed robust image watermarking optimization with Artificial Bee Colony. Expert Syst Appl 72:317–326

    Google Scholar 

  2. Akhaee MA, Marvasti FA (2013) A survey on digital data hiding schemes: principals, algorithms, and applications. ISeCure 5(1):5–36

    Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Afandy KA, El-Shafai W, El-Rabaie ESM et al (2018) . Multimed Tools Appl 77:25709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-5814-y

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ali M, Ahn CW, Pant M (2014) A robust image watermarking technique using SVD and differential evolution in DCT domain. Optik-Int J Light Electron Opt 125(1):428–434

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ali M, Ahn CW, Siarry P (2014) Differential evolution algorithm for the selection of optimal scaling factors in image watermarking. Eng Appl Artif Intell 31:15–26

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ali M, Ahn CW, Pant M, Siarry P (2015) An image watermarking scheme in wavelet domain with optimized compensation of singular value decomposition via artificial bee colony. Inf Sci 301:44–60

    Google Scholar 

  7. Andrews H, Patterson CL III (1976) Singular value decomposition (SVD) image coding. IEEE Trans Commun 24(4):425–432

    Google Scholar 

  8. Aslantas V (2009) An optimal robust digital image watermarking based on SVD using differential evolution algorithm. Opt Commun 282(5):769–777

    Google Scholar 

  9. Barni M, Podilchuk CI, Bartolini F, Delp EJ (2001) Watermark embedding: Hiding a signal within a cover image. IEEE Commun Mag 39(8):102–108

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cayre F, Fontaine C, Furon T (2005) Watermarking security: theory and practice. IEEE Trans Signal Process 53(10):3976–3987

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Chung KL, Yang WN, Huang YH, Wu ST, Hsu YC (2007) On SVD-based watermarking algorithm. Appl Math Comput 188(1):54–57

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Cox I, Miller M, Bloom J, Fridrich J, Kalker T (2007) Digital watermarking and steganography. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp 61–102

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dharwadkar NV, Amberker BB, Gorai A (2011) Non-blind watermarking scheme for color images in RGB space using DWT-SVD. In: 2011 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, pp 489–493

  14. Dili RB, Mwangi E (2007) An image watermarking method based on the singular value decomposition and the wavelet transform. In: AFRICON 2007. IEEE, pp 1–5

  15. El-Latif AAA, Abd-El-Atty B, Hossain MS, Elmougy S, Ghoneim A (2018) Secure quantum steganography protocol for fog cloud Internet of Things. IEEE Access 6:10332–10340

    Google Scholar 

  16. El-Latif AAA, Abd-El-Atty B, Hossain MS, Rahman MA, Alamri A, Gupta BB (2018) Efficient quantum information hiding for remote medical image sharing. IEEE Access 6:21075–21083

    Google Scholar 

  17. Elshazly EH, Faragallah OS, Abbas AM, Ashour MA, El-Rabaie E-SM, Kazemian H et al (2014) Robust and secure fractional wavelet image watermarking ,Signal, Image Video Process. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/829/1/Ehab_Elshazly_Final.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  18. Fan MQ, Wang HX, Li SK (2008) Restudy on SVD-based watermarking scheme. Appl Math Comput 203(2):926–930

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Ganic E, Eskicioglu AM (2004) Robust DWT-SVD domain image watermarking: embedding data in all frequencies. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Workshop on Multimedia and Security. ACM, pp 166–174

  20. Golea NEH, Seghir R, Benzid R (2010) A bind RGB color image watermarking based on singular value decomposition. In: 2010 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, pp 1–5

  21. Golub GH, Reinsch C (1970) Singular value decomposition and least squares solutions. Numer Math 14(5):403–420

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Gunjal BL, Mali SN (2015) MEO based secured, robust, high capacity and perceptual quality image watermarking in DWT-SVD domain. SpringerPlus 4(1):126

    Google Scholar 

  23. Guo J-M, Prasetyo H (2014) False-positive-free SVD-based image watermarking. J Vis Commun Image Represent 25(5):1149–1163

    Google Scholar 

  24. Guo JM, Prasetyo H (2014) Security analyses of the watermarking scheme based on redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. AEU-Int J Electron Commun 68(9):816–834

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gupta AK, Raval MS (2012) A robust and secure watermarking scheme based on singular values replacement. Sadhana 37(4):425–440

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. He KF, Gao J, Hu LM, Gao HY (2006) Watermarking for images using the HVS and SVD in the wavelet domain. In: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. IEEE, pp 2352–2356

  27. Hossain MS, Muhammad G (2016) Cloud-assisted industrial internet of things (iiot)–enabled framework for health monitoring. Comput Netw 101(4):192–202

    Google Scholar 

  28. Imane A, Abdelmajid K, Sahel1 A (2018) A robust hybrid watermarking technique for securing medical image. Int J Intell Eng Syst 1(11):169–175

  29. Jia SL (2014) A novel blind color images watermarking based on SVD. Optik-Int J Light Electron Opt 125(12):2868–2874

    Google Scholar 

  30. Konstantinides K, Natarajan B, Yovanof GS (1997) Noise estimation and filtering using block-based singular value decomposition. IEEE Trans Image Process 6 (3):479–483

    Google Scholar 

  31. Li Q, Yuan C, Zhong YZ (2007) Adaptive DWT-SVD domain image watermarking using human visual model. In: The 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. IEEE, vol 3, pp 1947–1951

  32. Lai CC (2011) A digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm. Digit Signal Process 21(4):522–527

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lai CC (2011) An improved SVD-based watermarking scheme using human visual characteristics. Opt Commun 284(4):938–944

    Google Scholar 

  34. Li L, Xu HH, Chang CC, Ma YY (2011) A novel image watermarking in redistributed invariant wavelet domain. J Syst Softw 84(6):923–929

    Google Scholar 

  35. Liu R, Tan T (2002) An SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership. IEEE Trans Multimed 4(1):121–128

    Google Scholar 

  36. Majumder S, Devi KJ, Sarkar SK (2013) Singular value decomposition and wavelet-based iris biometric watermarking. IET Biom 2(1):21–27

    Google Scholar 

  37. Makbol NM, Khoo BE (2013) Robust blind image watermarking scheme based on redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. AEU-Int J Electron Commun 67(2):102–112

    Google Scholar 

  38. Mishra A, Agarwal C, Sharma A, Bedi P (2014) Optimized gray-scale image watermarking using DWT–SVD and Firefly Algorithm. Expert Syst Appl 41 (17):7858–7867

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mohanty SP, Sengupta A, Guturu P, Kougianos E (2017) Everything You Want to Know About Watermarking: From Paper Marks to Hardware Protection: From paper marks to hardware protection. IEEE Consum Electron Mag 6(3):83–91

    Google Scholar 

  40. Qin C, Ji P, Wang J, Chang CC (2017) Fragile image watermarking scheme based on VQ index sharing and self-embedding. Multimed Tools Appl 76(2):2267–2287

    Google Scholar 

  41. Qin C, Ji P, Chang CC, Dong J, Sun X (2018) Non-uniform watermark sharing based on optimal iterative BTC for image tampering recovery. IEEE MultiMed 25(3):36–48

    Google Scholar 

  42. Rey C, Dugelay JL (2002) A survey of watermarking algorithms for image authentication. EURASIP J Appl Signal Process 2002(1):613–621

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. Roy S, Pal AK (2017) An indirect watermark hiding in discrete cosine transform-singular value decomposition domain for copyright protection. R Soc Open Sci 4(6):170326. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170326

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  44. Run RS, Horng SJ, Lai JL, Kao TW, Chen RJ (2012) An improved SVD-based watermarking technique for copyright protection. Expert Syst Appl 39 (1):673–689

    Google Scholar 

  45. Sadek RA (2012) SVD based image processing applications: state of the art, contributions and research challenges. arXiv:http://arXiv.org/abs/1211.7102

  46. Santhi V, Thangavelu A (2009) DWT-SVD combined full band robust watermarking technique for color images in YUV color space. Int J Comput Theory Eng 1(4):424

    Google Scholar 

  47. Shih FY (2017) Digital watermarking and steganography: fundamentals and techniques. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 35–95

  48. Singh K, Dave M, Mohan A (2016) Hybrid technique for robust and imperceptible multiple watermarking using medical images. Multimed Tools Appl 75 (14):8381–8401

    Google Scholar 

  49. Singh L, Singh AK, Singh PK (2018) Secure data hiding techniques: a survey. Multimed Tools Appl 77(15):1–21

    Google Scholar 

  50. Song XH, Wang S, Liu S, El-Latif AAA, Niu XM (2013) A dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images using quantum wavelet transform. Quantum Inf Process 12(12):3689–3706

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  51. Song X, Wang S, El-Latif AAA, Niu X (2014) Dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images based on Hadamard transform. Multimed Syst 20(4):379–388

    Google Scholar 

  52. Verma VS, Jha RK (2015) An overview of robust digital image watermarking. IETE Techn Rev 32(6):479–496

    Google Scholar 

  53. Wang MS, Chen WC (2009) A hybrid DWT-SVD copyright protection scheme based on k-means clustering and visual cryptography. Comput Stand Interfaces 31 (4):757–762

    Google Scholar 

  54. Yan X, Wang S, El-Latif AAA, Niu X (2015) New approaches for efficient information hiding-based secret image sharing schemes. Signal Image Video Process 9 (3):499–510

    Google Scholar 

  55. Yin CQ, Li L, Lv AQ, Qu L (2007) Color image watermarking algorithm based on DWT-SVD. In: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. IEEE, pp 2607–2611

  56. Zear A, Singh K, Kumar P (2016) A proposed secure multiple watermarking technique based on DWT, DCT and SVD for application in medicine. Multimed Tools Appl 77(4):4863–4882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3862-8

    Google Scholar 

  57. Zhang XP, Li K (2005) Comments on” An SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful Ownership”. IEEE Trans Multimed 7(3):593–594

    Google Scholar 

  58. Zhou B, Chen J (2004) A geometric distortion resilient image watermarking algorithm based on SVD [J]. J Image Graph 4:022

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This article has been awarded by the National Science Foundation of China under grant numbers 61272420 and 61472189.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People’s Republic of China

    Sajjad Bagheri Baba Ahmadi, Gongxuan Zhang & Songjie Wei

Authors
  1. Sajjad Bagheri Baba Ahmadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gongxuan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Songjie Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sajjad Bagheri Baba Ahmadi or Gongxuan Zhang.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmadi, S.B.B., Zhang, G. & Wei, S. Robust and hybrid SVD-based image watermarking schemes:. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 1075–1117 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08197-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08197-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation