Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

New Insight into Molecular Phylogeny and Epidemiology of Sporothrix schenckii Species Complex Based on Calmodulin-Encoding Gene Analysis of Italian Isolates

  • Published:
Mycopathologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, we investigated phylogenetic relationships among Italian Sporothrix schenckii isolates, by comparing their partial calmodulin sequences. In this analysis, we used 26 environmental strains of S. schenckii, plus two autochthonous clinical isolates. The results showed that our clinical strains grouped with S. schenckii sensu stricto isolates, whereas all 26 environmental isolates co-clustered with Sporothrix albicans (now regarded as a synonym of Sporothrix pallida), a non-pathogenic species closely related to S. schenckii. Furthermore, the group of environmental strains was found to be quite heterogeneous and further subdivided into two subgroups. The data reported here also showed that molecular methods, for specific identification of S. schenckii, developed before the description of its closely related species should be used with caution because of the possibility of false positive results, which could lead to inappropriate antifungal therapy. This study improves our understanding of the distribution of these new closely related Sporothrix species which also showed significant differences in antifungal susceptibilities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bustamante B, Campos PE. Endemic sporotrichosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2001;14:145–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Mehta KI, Sharma NL, Kanga AK, Mahajan VK, Ranjan N. Isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from the environmental sources of cutaneous sporotrichosis patients in Himachal Pradesh, India: results of a pilot study. Mycoses. 2007;50:496–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bustamante B, Campos PE. Sporotrichosis treatment: overview and update. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2010. doi:10.1007/s12281-010-0041-7.

  4. Bonifaz A, Vázquez-González D, Perusquía-Ortiz AM. Subcutaneous mycoses: chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis and mycetoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2010;8:619–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Devi KR, Devi MU, Singh TN, Devi KS, Sharma SS, Singh LR, et al. Emergence of sporotrichosis in Manipur. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2006;24:216–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Coskun B, Saral Y, Akpolat N, Ataseven A, Ciçek D. Sporotrichosis successfully treated with terbinafine and potassium iodide: case report and review of the literature. Mycopathologia. 2004;158:53–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Caroti L, Zanazzi M, Rogasi P, Fantoni E, Farsetti S, Rosso G, et al. Subcutaneous nodules and infectious complications in renal allograft recipients. Transplant Proc. 2010;42:1146–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Magand F, Perrot JL, Cambazard F, Raberin MH, Labeille B. Autochthonous cutaneous sporotrichosis in France. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2009;136:273–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cafarchia C, Sasanelli M, Lia RP, de Caprariis D, Guillot J, Otranto D. Lymphocutaneous and nasal sporotrichosis in a dog from southern Italy: case report. Mycopathologia. 2007;163:75–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Criseo G, Malara G, Romeo O, Puglisi Guerra A. Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report from extreme southern Italy. Mycopathologia. 2008;166:159–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gürcan S, Konuk E, Kiliç H, Otkun M, Ener B. Sporotrichosis, a disease rarely reported from Turkey, and an overview of Turkish literature. Mycoses. 2007;50:426–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bachmeyer C, Buot G, Binet O, Beltzer-Garelly E, Avram A. Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis: an unusual diagnosis in West Europe. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006;31:479–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Criseo G, Romeo O. Ribosomal DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of environmental Sporothrix schenckii strains: comparison with clinical isolates. Mycopathologia. 2010;169:351–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ghosh A, Maity PK, Hemashettar BM, Sharma VK, Chakrabarti A. Physiological characters of Sporothrix schenckii isolates. Mycoses. 2002;45:449–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mesa-Arango AC, Del Rocío Reyes-Montes M, Pérez-Mejía A, Navarro-Barranco H, Souza V, Zúñiga G, Toriello C. Phenotyping and genotyping of Sporothrix schenckii isolates according to geographic origin and clinical form of Sporotrichosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:3004–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. de Beer ZW, Harrington TC, Vismer HF, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. Phylogeny of the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii complex. Mycologia. 2003;95:434–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. de Lima RF, Schäffer GV, Borba Cde M. Variants of Sporothrix schenckii with attenuated virulence for mice. Microbes Infect. 2003;5:933–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Marimon R, Gené J, Cano J, Trilles L, Dos Santos Lazéra M, Guarro J. Molecular phylogeny of Sporothrix schenckii. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:3251–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Marimon R, Cano J, Gené J, Sutton DA, Kawasaki M, Guarro J. Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, three new Sporothrix species of clinical interest. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:3198–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Marimon R, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. Sporothrix luriei: a rare fungus from clinical origin. Med Mycol. 2008;46:621–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. de Meyer EM, de Beer ZW, Summerbell RC, Moharram AM, de Hoog GS, Vismer HF, et al. Taxonomy and phylogeny of new wood- and soil-inhabiting Sporothrix species in the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii complex. Mycologia. 2008;100:647–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Prillinger H, König H. The intestinal yeasts. In: König H, Varma A, editors. Intestinal microorganisms of termites and other invertebrates. Heidelber: Springer Verlag; 2006. p. 328.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Arrillaga-Moncrieff I, Capilla J, Mayayo E, Marimon R, Mariné M, Gené J, et al. Different virulence levels of the species of Sporothrix in a murine model. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15:651–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Marimon R, Serena C, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of Sporothrix. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:732–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kano R, Matsuoka A, Kashima M, Nakamura Y, Watanabe S, Mizoguchi M, et al. Detection of Sporothrix schenckii chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene in biopsy specimens from human patients with sporotrichosis. J Dermatol Sci. 2003;33:73–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. O’Donnell K, Nirenberg HI, Aoki T, Cigelnik E. A Multigene phylogeny of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex: detection of additional phylogenetically distinct species. Mycoscience. 2000;41:61–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2007;24:1596–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ishizaki H, Kawasaki M, Aoki M, Matsumoto T, Padhye AA, Mendoza M, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Sporothrix schenckii in North and South America. Mycopathologia. 1998;142:115–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Watanabe S, Kawasaki M, Mochizuki T, Ishizaki H. RFLP analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of Sporothrix schenckii. Jpn J Med Mycol. 2004;45:165–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Neyra E, Fonteyne PA, Swinne D, Fauche F, Bustamante B, Nolard N. Epidemiology of human sporotrichosis investigated by amplified fragment length polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:1348–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang G, Gao X, Jin L, An L. Genotyping of Sporothrix schenckii by analysis of ribosomal DNA regions. Mycoses. 2006;49:305–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pringle A, Baker DM, Platt JL, Wares JP, Latgé JP, Taylor JW. Cryptic speciation in the cosmopolitan and clonal human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Evolution. 2005;59:1886–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sullivan DJ, Westerneng TJ, Haynes KA, Bennett DE, Coleman DC. Candida dubliniensis sp. nov.: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel species associated with oral candidosis in HIV-infected individuals. Microbiology. 1995;141:1507–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tavanti A, Davidson AD, Gow NA, Maiden MC, Odds FC. Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis spp. nov. to replace Candida parapsilosis groups II and III. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:284–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kanbe T, Natsume L, Goto I, Kawasaki M, Mochizuki T, Ishizaki H, et al. Rapid and specific identification of Sporothrix schenckii by PCR targeting the DNA topoisomerase II gene. J Dermatol Sci. 2005;38:99–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Zoilo Pires De Camargo (Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil) for supplying S. brasiliensis SS74 and S. globosa SS49 strains; we are also grateful to Prof. Masako Kawasaki (Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan) for generously providing us the strains: S. schenckii KMU975 and S. luriei KMU 2787 and for useful discussions. We also thank Prof. Josep Guarro (Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain) and Prof. Claudia Cafarchia (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy) for sending us the strains of S. mexicana FMR 9108 and S. schenckii CDM18, respectively.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences “Marcello Malpighi”, Section of Microbiological, Genetic and Molecular Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy

    Orazio Romeo, Fabio Scordino & Giuseppe Criseo

Authors
  1. Orazio Romeo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fabio Scordino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Giuseppe Criseo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuseppe Criseo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Romeo, O., Scordino, F. & Criseo, G. New Insight into Molecular Phylogeny and Epidemiology of Sporothrix schenckii Species Complex Based on Calmodulin-Encoding Gene Analysis of Italian Isolates. Mycopathologia 172, 179–186 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-011-9420-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-011-9420-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation