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Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on polyvinyl alcohol: interfacial layer and bulk nanocomposites thin film

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Abstract

Iron oxide (α-phase) nanoparticles with coercivity larger than 300 Oe have been fabricated at a mild temperature by an environmentally benign method. The economic sodium chloride has been found to effectively serve as a solid spacer to disperse the iron precursor and to prevent the nanoparticles from agglomeration. Higher ratios of sodium chloride to iron nitrate result in smaller nanoparticles (19 nm for 20:1 and 14 nm for 50:1). The presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) limits the particle growth (15 nm for 20:1 and 13 nm for 50:1) and favors nanoparticle dispersion in polymer matrices. Obvious physicochemical property changes have been observed with PVA attached to the nanoparticle surface. With PVA attached to the nanoparticle surface, the nanoparticles are found not only to increase the PVA cross-linking with an increase in melting temperature but also to enhance the thermal stability of the PVA. The nanoparticles are observed to be uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructure also shows an intermediate phase with a strong interaction between the nanoparticles and the polymer matrices, arising from the hydrogen bonding between the PVA and hydroxyl groups on the nanoparticle surface. The addition of nanoparticles favors the cross-linkage of the bulk PVA matrices, resulting in a higher melting temperature, and an enhanced thermal stability of the polymer matrix.

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Acknowledgments

The project is partially supported by the start-up grant and research enhancement grant from Lamar University. The authors kindly acknowledge the support from Northrop–Grumman Corporation. DPY acknowledges support from the NSF under Grant No. DMR 04-49022. FT-IR analysis done by Dr. Y. Mou from Department of Chemistry and Physics at LU and financial support from the Welch Foundation (V-1103) are kindly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA

    Zhanhu Guo, Di Zhang, Yuehao Li, J. A. Gomes, David L. Cocke & Thomas C. Ho

  2. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA

    Suying Wei & Paul Bernazzani

  3. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Zhe Wang

  4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Amar B. Karki & David. P. Young

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  1. Zhanhu Guo
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  2. Di Zhang
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Correspondence to Zhanhu Guo.

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Guo, Z., Zhang, D., Wei, S. et al. Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on polyvinyl alcohol: interfacial layer and bulk nanocomposites thin film. J Nanopart Res 12, 2415–2426 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9802-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9802-z

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