Abstract
Brain tumor represents one of the most fatal cancers around the world. It is common cancer in adults and children. It has the lowest survival rate and various types depending on their location, texture, and shape. The wrong classification of the tumor brain will lead to bad consequences. Consequently, identifying the correct type and grade of tumor in the early stages has an important role to choose a precise treatment plan. Examining the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of the patient’s brain represents an effective technique to distinguish brain tumors. Due to the big amounts of data and the various brain tumor types, the manual technique becomes time-consuming and can lead to human errors. Therefore, an automated computer assisted diagnosis (CAD) system is required. The recent evolution in image classification techniques has shown great progress especially the deep convolution neural networks (CNNs) which have succeeded in this area. In this regard, we exploited CNN for the problem of brain tumor classification. We suggested a new model, which contains various layers in the aim to classify MRI brain tumor. The proposed model is experimentally evaluated on three datasets. Experimental results affirm that the suggested approach provides a convincing performance compared to existing methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Razzak MI, Imran M, Xu G (2018) Efficient brain tumor segmentation with multiscale two-pathway-group conventional neural networks. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 23(5):1911–1919
Siegel RL, Miller KD (2017) Jemal ACancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin 67(1):7–30
Zhang Y, Li A, Peng C, Wang M (2016) Improve glioblastoma multiforme prognosis prediction by using feature selection and multiple kernel learning. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 13(5):825–835
Yang Y, Yan LF, Zhang X, Han Y, Nan HY, Hu YC, Ge XW (2018) Glioma grading on conventional MR images: a deep learning study with transfer learning. Front Neurosci 12:804
Talo M, Baloglu UB, Yıldırım Ö, Acharya UR (2019) Application of deep transfer learning for automated brain abnormality classification using MR images. Cogn Syst Res 54:176–188
Kaur T, Saini BS, Gupta S (2017) Quantitative metric for MR brain tumour grade classification using sample space density measure of analytic intrinsic mode function representation. IET Image Process 11(8):620–632
Usman K, Rajpoot K (2017) Brain tumor classification from multi-modality MRI using wavelets and machine learning. Pattern Anal Appl 20(3):871–881
Anitha V, Murugavalli SJICV (2016) Brain tumour classification using two-tier classifier with adaptive segmentation technique. IET Comput Vis 10(1):9–17
El-Dahshan ESA, Mohsen HM, Revett K, Salem ABM (2014) Computer-aided diagnosis of human brain tumor through MRI: a survey and a new algorithm. Expert Syst Appl 41(11):5526–5545
Hemanth DJ, Anitha J, Naaji A, Geman O, Popescu DE (2018) A modified deep convolutional neural network for abnormal brain image classification. IEEE Access 7:4275–4283
Liu Y, Stojadinovic S, Hrycushko B, Wardak Z, Lau S, Lu W, Nedzi L (2017) A deep convolutional neural network-based automatic delineation strategy for multiple brain metastases stereotactic radiosurgery. PloS ONE 12(10):e0185844
Qiu Y, Yan S, Gundreddy RR, Wang Y, Cheng S, Liu H, Zheng B (2017) A new approach to develop computer-aided diagnosis scheme of breast mass classification using deep learning technology. J Xray Sci Technol 25(5):751–763
Sutskever I, Martens J, Hinton G (2011) Generating text with recurrent neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on machine learning, Bellevue, pp 1017–1024
Taigman Y, Yang M, Ranzato MA, Wolf L (2014) Deepface: closing the gap to human-level performance in face verification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1701–1708
Karpathy A, Fei-Fei L (2015) Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3128–3137
Silver D, Huang A, Maddison CJ, Guez A, Sifre L, Van Den Driessche G, Dieleman S (2016) Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature 529(7587):484–489
Russakovsky O, Deng J, Su H, Krause J, Satheesh S, Ma S, Berg AC (2015) Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge. IJCV 115(3):211–252
Yousefi M, Krzyżak A, Suen CY (2018) Mass detection in digital breast tomosynthesis data using convolutional neural networks and multiple instance learning. Comput Biol Med 96:283–293
Gu Y, Lu X, Yang L, Zhang B, Yu D, Zhao Y, Zhou T (2018) Automatic lung nodule detection using a 3D deep convolutional neural network combined with a multi-scale prediction strategy in chest CTs. Comput Biol Med 103:220–231
Charron O, Lallement A, Jarnet D, Noblet V, Clavier JB, Meyer P (2018) Automatic detection and segmentation of brain metastases on multimodal MR images with a deep convolutional neural network. Comput Biol Med 95:43–54
Shao L, Zhu F, Li X (2014) Transfer learning for visual categorization: a survey. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 26(5):1019–1034
Kleesiek J, Urban G, Hubert A, Schwarz D, Maier-Hein K, Bendszus M, Biller A (2016) Deep MRI brain extraction: a 3D convolutional neural network for skull stripping. NeuroImage 129:460–469
Tajbakhsh N, Shin JY, Gurudu SR, Hurst RT, Kendall CB, Gotway MB, Liang J (2016) Convolutional neural networks for medical image analysis: full training or fine tuning? IEEE Trans Med Imaging 35(5):1299–1312
Chen H, Qi X, Cheng JZ, Heng PA (2016) Deep contextual networks for neuronal structure segmentation. In: Proceedings of the 13th AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, pp 1167–1173
Litjens G, Kooi T, Bejnordi BE, Setio AAA, Ciompi F, Ghafoorian M, Sánchez CI (2017) A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis. Med Image Anal 42:60–88
Deniz E, Şengür A, Kadiroğlu Z, Guo Y, Bajaj V, Budak Ü (2018) Transfer learning based histopathologic image classification for breast cancer detection. Health Inf Sci Syst 6(1):18
Cheng J, Huang W, Cao S, Yang R, Yang W, Yun Z, Feng Q (2015) Enhanced performance of brain tumor classification via tumor region augmentation and partition. PloS ONE 10(10):e0140381
Ismael MR, Abdel-Qader I (2018) Brain tumor classification via statistical features and back-propagation neural network. In: 2018 IEEE international conference on electro/information technology (EIT), pp 0252–0257
Tahir B, Iqbal S, Usman Ghani Khan M, Saba T, Mehmood Z, Anjum A, Mahmood T (2019) Feature enhancement framework for brain tumor segmentation and classification. Microsc Res Tech 82(6):803–811
Yu J, Tan M, Zhang H, Tao D, Rui Y (2019) Hierarchical deep click feature prediction for fine-grained image recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell
Yu J, Li J, Yu Z, Huang Q (2019) Multimodal transformer with multi-view visual representation for image captioning. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 30(12):4467–4480
Yu J, Yao J, Zhang J, Yu Z, Tao D (2020) SPRNet: single-pixel reconstruction for one-stage instance segmentation. IEEE Trans Cybern. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2020.2969046
Paul JS, Plassard AJ, Landman BA, Fabbri D (2017) Deep learning for brain tumor classification. In: Proc. SPIE, vol 10137. pp 1–16
Afshar P, Mohammadi A, Plataniotis KN (2018) Brain tumor type classification via capsule networks. In: 2018 25th IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP), pp 3129–3133
Zhou Y, Li Z, Zhu H, Chen C, Gao M, Xu K, Xu J (2018) Holistic brain tumor screening and classification based on densenet and recurrent neural network. In: International MICCAI Brainlesion workshop. Springer, pp 208–217
Pashaei A, Sajedi H, Jazayeri N (2018) Brain tumor classification via convolutional neural network and extreme learning machines. In: 2018 8th International conference on computer and knowledge engineering (ICCKE), pp 314–319
Abiwinanda N, Hanif M, Hesaputra ST, Handayani A, Mengko TR (2019) Brain tumor classification using convolutional neural network. In: World congress on medical physics and biomedical engineering 2018. Springer, Singapore, pp 183–189
Ghassemi N, Shoeibi A, Rouhani M (2020) Deep neural network with generative adversarial networks pre-training for brain tumor classification based on MR images. Biomed Signal Process Control 57:101678
Wu B, Liu Y, Lang B, Huang L (2018) Dgcnn: disordered graph convolutional neural network based on the gaussian mixture model. Neurocomputing 321:346–356
Shi H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Ma N, Zhao X, Gao Y, Sun J (2018) Hypergraph-induced convolutional networks for visual classification. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 30(10):2963–2972
Fu S, Liu W, Tao D, Zhou Y, Nie L (2020) HesGCN: Hessian graph convolutional networks for semi-supervised classification. Inf Sci 514:484–498
Fu S, Liu W, Zhou Y, Nie L (2019) HpLapGCN: hypergraph p-Laplacian graph convolutional networks. Neurocomputing 362:166–174
Khan N, Chaudhuri U, Banerjee B, Chaudhuri S (2019) Graph convolutional network for multi-label VHR remote sensing scene recognition. Neurocomputing 357:36–46
Sichao F, Weifeng L, Shuying L, Yicong Z (2019) Two-order graph convolutional networks for semi-supervised classification. IET Image Process 13(14):2763–2771
Hemanth DJ, Vijila CKS, Selvakumar AI, Anitha J (2014) Performance improved iteration-free artificial neural networks for abnormal magnetic resonance brain image classification. Neurocomputing 130:98–107
Liu YH, Muftah M, Das T, Bai L, Robson K, Auer D (2012) Classification of MR tumor images based on Gabor wavelet analysis. J Med Biol Eng 32(1):22–28
Sajjad M, Khan S, Muhammad K, Wu W, Ullah A, Baik SW (2019) Multi-grade brain tumor classification using deep CNN with extensive data augmentation. J Comput Sci 30:174–182
Sachdeva J, Kumar V, Gupta I, Khandelwal N, Ahuja CK (2016) A package-SFERCB-“Segmentation, feature extraction, reduction and classification analysis by both SVM and ANN for brain tumors”. Appl Soft Comput 47:151–167
Jun Cheng (2017) Brain Tumor Dataset (Version 5). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1512427.v5
Pinaya WH, Gadelha A, Doyle OM, Noto C, Zugman A, Cordeiro Q, Sato JR (2016) Using deep belief network modelling to characterize differences in brain morphometry in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 6:38897
Padole H, Joshi SD, Gandhi TK (2020) Graph wavelet-based multilevel graph coarsening and its application in graph-CNN for alzheimer’s disease detection. IEEE Access 8:60906–60917
Song TA, Chowdhury SR, Yang F, Jacobs H, El Fakhri G, Li Q, Dutta J (2019) Graph convolutional neural networks for alzheimer’s disease classification. In: Proceedings IEEE 16th Int. Symp. Biomed. Imag (ISBI), pp 414–417
Guo J, Qiu W, Li X, Zhao X, Guo N, Li Q (2019) Predicting alzheimer’s disease by hierarchical graph convolution from positron emission tomography imaging. In: 2019 IEEE international conference on big data (big data), pp 5359–5363
O’Shea K, Nash R (2015) An introduction to convolutional neural networks. CoRR arXiv:1511.08458
Ayadi W, Elhamzi W, Charfi I, Atri M (2019) A hybrid feature extraction approach for brain MRI classification based on Bag-of-words. Biomed Signal Process Control 48:144–152
Shang R, He J, Wang J, Xu K, Jiao L, Stolkin R (2020) Dense connection and depthwise separable convolution based CNN for polarimetric SAR image classification. Knowl. Based Syst 105542
Yang C, Hou B, Ren B, Hu Y, Jiao L (2019) CNN-based polarimetric decomposition feature selection for PolSAR image classification. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 57(11):8796–8812
Li B, Zhang H, Luo H, Tan S (2019) Detecting double JPEG compression and its related anti-forensic operations with CNN. Multimed Tools Appl 78(7):8577–8601
Lei X, Pan H, Huang X (2019) A dilated CNN model for image classification. IEEE Access 7:124087–124095
Li G, Li N (2019) Customs classification for cross-border e-commerce based on text-image adaptive convolutional neural network. Electron Commer Res 19(4):779–800
Sundararajan SK, Sankaragomathi B, Priya DS (2019) Deep belief CNN feature representation based content based image retrieval for medical images. Med Syst 43(6):174
Wu XY (2019) A hand gesture recognition algorithm based on DC-CNN. Multimed Tools Appl 79(13–14):9193–9205
Swati ZNK, Zhao Q, Kabir M, Ali F, Ali Z, Ahmed S, Lu J (2019) Content-based brain tumor retrieval for MR images using transfer learning. IEEE Access 7:17809–17822
Huang M, Yang W, Wu Y, Jiang J, Gao Y, Chen Y, Lu Z (2014) Content-based image retrieval using spatial layout information in brain tumor T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MR images. PLoS ONE 9(7):e102754
Radiopaedia. https://radiopaedia.org/
Zhang YD, Dong Z, Chen X, Jia W, Du S, Muhammad K, Wang SH (2019) Image based fruit category classification by 13-layer deep convolutional neural network and data augmentation. Multimed Tools Appl 78(3):3613–3632
Clark K, Vendt B, Smith K, Freymann J, Kirby J, Koppel P, Tarbox L (2013) The cancer imaging archive (TCIA): maintaining and operating a public information repository. J Digit Imaging 26(6):1045–1057
Goodfellow I, Bengio Y, Courville A (2016) Deep learning. MIT Press, Cambridge
Hossin M, Sulaiman MN (2015) A review on evaluation metrics for data classification evaluations. Int J Data Min Knowl Manag Process 5(2):01–11
Afshar P, Plataniotis KN, Mohammadi A (2019) Capsule networks for brain tumor classification based on MRI images and coarse tumor boundaries. In: ICASSP 2019–2019 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP), pp 1368–1372
Anaraki AK, Ayati M, Kazemi F (2019) Magnetic resonance imaging-based brain tumor grades classification and grading via convolutional neural networks and genetic algorithms. Biocybern Biomed Eng 39(1):63–74
Tandel GS, Balestrieri A, Jujaray T, Khanna NN, Saba L, Suri JS (2020) Multiclass magnetic resonance imaging brain tumor classification using artificial intelligence paradigm. Comput Biol Med 122:103804
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ayadi, W., Elhamzi, W., Charfi, I. et al. Deep CNN for Brain Tumor Classification. Neural Process Lett 53, 671–700 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-020-10398-2
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-020-10398-2